Variables
the variable that is manipulated in order to measure it’s effect on the dependent variable
The Independent Variable
An experimental investigation of the relationship between one more IV’s and a DV, controlling all other variables
Controlled experiment
The group of participants that are exposed to the IV under investigation
Experimental Group
the entire group of research interest from which a sample is drawn and to which the researcher will seek to generalise (apply) the results of their investigation.
Population
A statement outlining the purpose of the investigation is the...
Aim
the variable that the researcher uses to observe and measure the effects of the IV
The Dependent Variable
Collection of data by carefully watching and recording behaviour as it occurs without any intervention or manipulation of the behaviour being observed.
Observational Study
Group of participants that are not exposed to the IV
a subset or part of the population that is selected for research purposes.
sample
a testable prediction of the relationship between two or more variables..
Hypothesis
To define how the variables will be manipulated or measured in the experiment refers to...
Operationalising the variables
A participant’s answers to questions presented by the researcher.
For example, responses to questions about their beliefs or attitudes
Self-Report (survey)
Each participant is randomly allocated to one of two (or more) groups or conditions (experimental group or control group)
Between Subjects
is a sampling technique that ensures every member of the population of research interest has an equal chance of being selected to be part of the sample.
Random Sampling
When the participants behaviour is influenced by their expectations of how they should behave, this is referred to as...
The placebo effect
Any variable you’re not interested in studying that could also have some effect on the dependent variable is known as...
An extraneous variable
Reproducing situations of research interest in a realistic way to investigate the behaviour and/or mental processes of individuals in that environment.
Simulation Study
Each participant is in both the experimental and control groups or all the treatment conditions
Within Subjects
The researcher might choose participants because of their physical proximity, their availability at a given time, or their willingness to participate.
Convenience Sampling
Errors that are due to some chance factor or chance variation in a measurement
A variable other than the IV that has had an effect on the DV which cannot be separated from that of the IV is known as...
a confounding variable
Used to investigate the relationship that exists between variables without any control over the setting in which the relationship occurs or any manipulation by the researcher
Correlational Study
Experimental design that allows the researcher to assess potential differences between two or more separate groups of participants as well as change in the individual members of each group over time
Mixed Design
the process of selecting a sample from a population comprised of various subgroups in such a way that each subgroup is represented.
Stratified Sampling
Errors that are produced by some factor that consistently favors one condition rather than another
Systematic error