give veggies color
What are pigments?
high temp. long cooking, dissolving out leaching, alkalis (bake soda/hard water), plant enzymes, oxygen
What is the six factors that cause nutrient loss?
pigments that range from pale yellow to white; stay white in acid; turn yellow in alkaline water (potatoes, onions, cauliflower, cabbage, white part celery, cucumber, zucchini)
What is anthoxanthins and flavonoids?
using a lot of liquid increases leaching; using little liquid increases time
What are reasons nutrients are about same in little and lot water cookery?
cucumber, pumpkin, squash, eggplant
What is a gourd?
spinach, leafy veggies, whole kernel corn, pureed squash, peas
What are veggies unsuitable for steamer cooking bec they form compact layers that impair steam's ability to circulate resulting in uneven cooking?
red pigments-red cabbage and beets- react strongly to acids and alkaline- acids make them bright red; alkaline turn them blue
What is anthocyanins?
plant acids dilute more quickly, so color better preserved
What is the reason to cook green veggies in a lot of water?
boiling, steaming, pan-steaming, saute, stir fry, pan fry, bake, grill, braise, deep fry
What are ways to cook veggies?
green coloring, green veggies; acid and long cooking turn green veggies drab olive. Cook uncovered, cook shortest time possible, cook in small batches
What is chlorophyll?
Don't overcook Cook near service time and in small quantities never use bake soda with green veggies cut veggies uniformly start with boiling, salted water if veggies grow above ground root veggies start with cold water Green veggies uncovered red and white in slight acid preserves color Green in neutral eater Do not mix cooked batches together
What are rules for veggie cookery?
dipped in batter, fried breaded and fried fried w/o coating small veggies in batter, scooped fritters croquettes mixed with binder, breaded and fried
What is 5 ways to deep fry veggies?
color-bright, appearance on plate, texture-crisp tender, flavor, seasonings, sauces-light, not greasy, veggie combos-cooked separately and then combined to account for different cooking times
What is standards of quality for veggies; evaluation factors?