high temp. long cooking, dissolving out leaching, alkalis (bake soda/hard water), plant enzymes, oxygen
What is the six factors that cause nutrient loss?
100
ovary of seed bearing plant
What is a fruit?
100
round, white fleshy root; peel wash and cut as desired
What is celery root?
200
green veggies and strong-flavored veggies
What are veggies that should be cooked uncovered?
200
pigments that range from pale yellow to white; stay white in acid; turn yellow in alkaline water (potatoes, onions, cauliflower, cabbage, white part celery, cucumber, zucchini)
What is anthoxanthins and flavonoids?
200
using a lot of liq incr leaching; using little liquid increases time
What are reasons nutrients are about same in little and lot water cookery?
200
cucumber, pumpkin, squash, eggplant
What is a gourd? (actually fruit)
200
white, member of cabbage family; remove stem; peel like turnip
shitake, oyster, enoki, cremini, Portobello
enoki-crisp, fruity
djtaki-brown
crimini-similar to button but brown
Portobello-grilled large
What is the most common types of mushrooms outside of white button?
400
boiling, steaming, pan-steaming, saute, stir fry, pan fry, bake, grill, braise, deep fry
What are ways to cook veggies?
400
green coloring, green veggies; acid and long cooking turn green veggies drab olive. Cook uncovered, cook shortest time possible, cook in small batches
What is chlorophyll?
400
Don't overcook
Cook near service time and in small quantities
never use bake soda with green veggies
cut veggies uniformly
start with boiling, salted water if veggies grow above ground
root veggies start with cold water
Green veggies uncovered
red and white in slight acid preserves color Green in neutral eater
Do not mix cooked batches together
What are rules for veggie cookery?
400
100% organic- contain only organic ingreds
organic- 95% organic ingreds by weight
70% organic- 'made with organ ingreds'
less than 70% may not use organic on front of package
What are the requirements for organic veggies?
400
morel- bl, golden, white; conical sponge-dreod/fresh
bolete-brown capped-interior white-smooth texture
chanterelle-girolle-yellow-orange cook simply
black trumpet- black thin
What is 4 types wild mushrooms?
500
dipped in batter, fried
breaded and fried
fried w/o coating
small veggies in batter, scooped fritters
croquettes mixed with binder, breaded and fried
What is 5 ways to deep fry veggies?
500
yellow and orange pigments; carrots, corn sweet potatoes, tomatoes, red peppers stable pigments; not affected by acids short cooking prevents dulling and preserves flavors
What is carotenoids?
500
color-bright, appearance on plate, texture-crisp tender, flavor, seasonings, sauces-light, not greasy, veggie combos-cooked separately and then combined to account for different cooking times
What is standards of quality for veggies; evaluation factors?
500
temp- 0
large ice crystals-poor handling
leakage-sign of thawing
freeer burn
What are things to look for that affect frozen veggie quality?
500
Reject damaged cans
know drained weight-60-65% know to calculate serving
check grade-color, absence of defect, sieve dizes