Vein Composition
The intima
What is the innermost layer of the vein?
These veins run along the lateral calf and lie between the tibia and fibula
What are the Anterior Tibial Veins?
Longest vein in the body
What is the GSV?
Name two of the five characteristics of venous flow
What is 1) Spontaneity
2) Phasicity
3) Ceases with valsalva maneuver
4) Augments with distal compression
5) Competency
This layer is thinner in veins than in arteries
What is the media?
*thinner media in veins allows for easier coaptation
Also known as the Fibular V
What is the Peroneal V?
This superficial vein extends off the Subclavian V
What is the Cephalic V?
The primary venous return mechanism
What is the Calf Muscle Pump (aka calf veno-motor pump)?
*other return mechanisms include the buttocks, foot pump, and thigh pump
This may be obstructed if continuous flow is seen instead of phasic flow
What is the site proximal to the Doppler interrogation?
The Vaso Vasorum (the blood supply to the vein walls) is located in this layer
What is the adventitia?
A deep vein that empties into the Popliteal V
What is the Gastrocnemius V?
This vein runs in the antecubital fossa and connects the Basilic and Cephalic Veins
What is the Median Cubital V (aka Median Basilic V)?
The weight of column of blood pressing against the vessels from the heart level to the point of measurement
What is hydrostatic pressure?
Loss of augmentation may indicate that there is an obstruction at this site
What is distal to the site of Doppler interrogation?
This layer has unidirectional valves to prevent the back flow of blood
What is the intima?
During this phase of respiration, the diaphragm moves down causing the intra abdominal pressure to increase and the intra thoracic pressure to decrease
What is inspiration?
During inspiration, there will be no flow or decreased flow returning from the lower extremities and an increase of flow returning from the upper extremities.
Reverse venous flow of greater than ——- seconds is considered significant reflux
What is 1 second? (>.5 - 1 second is considered moderate venous reflux)
These are bicuspid
What are venous valves?
*smaller veins have more valves than larger veins
The communicating bridge between the deep and superficial veins
What is perforating veins?
*perforating veins, when functioning properly, always open from superficial to deep
The name given to the vein if the Small Saphenous V continues up the thigh and joins the GSV
What is the Vein of Giacomini or Intersaphenous V?
The difference between the intramural pressure and extrinsic pressure
What is transmural pressure?
*with high transmural pressure, the vein assumes a global round shape because the walls stiffen
*with low transmural pressure, the vein assumes an elliptical shape
Perforator veins should not exceed this measurement in A/P
What is .3 cm?