Anatomy
What is the longest vein in the body?
Great saphenous vein
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True or False
the IVC does not have valves?
True
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When the right iliac artery presses on the left iliac vein, making it harder for blood to circulate. Symptoms include DVT, heaviness, ulcers, pain, skin discoloration, swelling and varicose veins in the left leg. Slightly more common in females.
May-Thurner Syndrome
What does AP/LAT stand for?
Anteroposterior and Lateral
What kind of valves are in veins?
bicuspid valves
What is another name for the lower leg to the ankle?
Gaiter zone
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True or False
Arterial ulcers are located near the medial and lateral malleolus.
False, venous ulcers. Often times near the area of perforators.
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aka "effort-induced thrombosis"
Usually involves thrombosis of the subclavian or axillary vein secondary to intense, repetitive activity. The venous component of thoracic outlet syndrome is frequently associated with repetitive motion of upper extremity as seen with heavy lifting or strenuous throwing of a baseball or football. Occurs more often in men than women
Paget-Schroetter Disease
What does HIT stand for?
Heparin induced thrombocytopenia
Which common iliac vein passes beneath the right common iliac artery to empty in the IVC?
Left common iliac vein
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What is the name of the thigh extension of the small saphenous vein?
Giacomini vein
The development of venous thrombosis is based on 3 factors; trauma, venous stasis and hypercoagulability. These 3 things are known as what?
Virchow's triad
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aka "Milk Leg"
Discribes a patient with swollen and white leg because of early compromise of arterial flow secondary to extensive DVT. Only involves major deep veins, not the superficial or collateral veins.
Historically seen during 3rd trimester and in mothers who have just given birth, compression of the common iliac vein against the pelvic rim of the enlarged uterus. Today it's most commonly related to some form of underlying malignancy.
Phlegmasia alba dolens
If not treated right away the superficial system can occluded leading to phlegmasia cerulea dolens.
Why do we use ultrasound gel?
It acts as a conductive medium to replace air between the transducer and the patient's skin. Sound waves have difficulty moving through air.
What is the name of the perforator veins near the medial malleolus?
Cockett's I, II, III
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Which renal vein is longer?
Left, crosses over the aorta to enter the IVC
pg271
Rare. Has 3 characteristic features: a red birthmark called a port-wine stain, abnormal overgrowth of soft tissues and bones, and vein malformations. Caused by mutations in the PIK3CA gene, sporadic, no family history.
venous malformations in 70-100% of patients, consistent with varicosities in the superficial and deep venous systems, persistent embryonic veins with valvular incompetence. Most commonly effects a unilateral lower extremity, swelling and disscoloration. Can occur in the GI track and presents with GI bleeds.
Kippel- Trenaunay Syndrome
What is the only tissue in the body that does not have blood vessels?
The cornea
Does not receive any blood supple and thus does not receive any protection from the immune cells in the blood. Cornea receives nourishment through the tears and aqueous humor. The cornea best functions in its transparent state. Abnormal blood Bessel growth or any injury that clouds the cornea's surface can lead to vision impairment.