Ventricular System
Which structure connects the third ventricle to the fourth ventricle?
Cerebral aqueduct
Hydrocephalus is the condition of what accumulates in the brain?
CSF, Cerebrospinal fluid
What is the hallmark sign of an epidural hematoma?
What is lucid interval
What is the functional purpose of the brain “floating” in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?
To reduce the brain’s effective weight and cushion it from trauma
Can adults develop hydrocephalus? If so what's it called and what is it characterized by?
Yes, called normal pressure hydrocephalus affects seniors and gives gait problems, urinary incontinence, and cognitive decline
What type of force commonly causes a subdural hematoma?
What is a shearing force
A 23-year-old patient presents with signs of increased intracranial pressure. Imaging reveals a blockage at the foramen of Monro. Which of the following ventricles would most likely appear enlarged on imaging?
Lateral ventricles
Three symptoms include what?
Developmental delays, bulging soft spot, enlarged head, headaches, cognitive difficulty, seizures
What hematoma can mimic meningitis symptoms?
What is subarachnoid hematoma
A 6-month-old infant presents with macrocephaly, poor feeding, and lethargy. MRI reveals dilation of both lateral ventricles and the third ventricle, but the fourth ventricle appears normal. What is the most likely location of the obstruction?
Cerebral aqueduct
What are the 3 Ws of Nominal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH)
Weird, wet, wobbly
What is the most common cause of an intracerebral hematoma?
What is hypertensive vasculopathy
What is the correct sequence of CSF flow starting from the lateral ventricles?
Lateral ventricles → Foramen of Monro → Third ventricle → Cerebral aqueduct → Fourth ventricle
What are the different types of hydrocephalus? Name at least 3
Communicating hydrocephalus, non-communicating (obstructive) hydrocephalus, normal pressure hydrocephalus, congenital hydrocephalus, acquired hydrocephalus, and hydrocephalus ex vacu.
What complication can come from epidural and subdural hematomas and commonly compresses CN III?
What is uncal herniation