Logic
The type of logic that is mostly deductive, concentrates on understanding the form of an argument, and can be analyzed using symbols.
What is formal logic?
The type of logic that is mostly inductive, concentrates on understanding the content of an argument, and deals with ordinary language arguments between people.
What is informal logic?
A tool that helps with inference that aids in determining what inferences can be made with different propositions that are in opposition to each other.
What is the square of opposition?
The relationship between A and O propositions and E and I propositions on the square of opposition.
What is contradiction?
The arrangement of the terms in a proposition so that the proposition either affirms or denies something about a specific topic.
What is categorical form?
A single declaration of facts or opinions.
What is a proposition?
A proposition that affirms something about some of the members of a category represented by a term.
What is a particular affirmative?
A statement that affirms or denies something about all of a category represented by a term.
What is a universal proposition?
Am, is, are, was, and were.
What are verbs of being or being verbs?
Represented by "O" in logic.
What is a particular negative proposition?
Words or phrases, such as "since," "because," "for these reasons," and "it follows from."
What are premise indicators?
A proposition that denies something about some of the members of a category represented by a term.
What is a particular negative?
The logic name for the being verb in a proposition.
What is the copula?
Means to indirectly suggest truths through what is logically entailed in a person's proposition(s).
What is to imply?
Pertains to whether the proposition is affirmative or negative.
What is the quality of a proposition?
A proposition that affirms something about all of a category.
What is a universal affirmative?
What is affirmo?
The word or phrase that follows the verb and renames or describes the subject.
What is a predicate term?
Represented by "I" in logic.
What is a particular affirmative proposition?
Pertains to whether the proposition is universal or particular.
What is the quantity of a proposition?
A proposition that denies something about all of a category.
What is a universal negative?
What are the relationships of opposition?
Represented by "A" in logic.
What are universal affirmative propositions?
Represented by "E" in logic.
What is a universal negative proposition?
Means to recognize truths that derive from previously established truths.
What is to infer?
A method of determining the validity of a formal argument in which the conclusion must be true if the premises used to support it are true.
What is deductive reasoning?
Statements or rules considered to be true and through which further truths can be discovered.
What are postulates or axioms?
Basic building block is a category of things called a term, and building blocks are connected by being verbs.
What is categorical logic?
Basic building block is a statement called a proposition, and building blocks are connected by logical operators.
What is propositional logic?
A syllogism in which the premises and the conclusions are written in standard form, such as S is P.
What is a categorical syllogism?
A class of things represented by a term.
What is a category?
A syllogism that draws a conclusion from a cause and effect relationship between possible scenarios.
What is a hypothetical syllogism?
The name of the first logic textbook.
What is organon?
Tried to show that logic and Christianity could be reconciled.
Who is Thomas Aquinas?
He said, "Logic is the most useful tool of all the arts."
Who is William of Ockham?
He placed a strong emphasis on inductive logic based on empirical observations of the world, rather than on a priori truths.
Who is Francis Bacon or The Bacon Dude?
The recognition and naming or classification of an object or concept.
What is simple apprehension?
A thinking process that occurs when a person expresses a relationship between two terms.
What is judgement?
A reasoning process though which a person arrives at new information through the implications of other axioms, postulates, or observed examples.
What is inference?
Simple apprehension, judgement, inference.
What are the three acts of the mind?
The name of the movie from which the scene that we watched in class that involves the witch comes from?
What is Monty Python and the Holy Grail?
Appear to have the structure of a proposition, but do not have truth value because they are filled with absurdities or meaningless ideas.
What are nonsense sentences?
An expression of strong emotion.
What is an exclamation?
Expressions of personal feelings or emotions.
What are self-reports?
The title of the textbook for this class.
What is The Discovery of Deduction:An Introduction to Formal Logic?
The authors of the textbook for this class.
He coined the phrase, "I think, therefore I am."
Who is Rene Descartes?
The medieval philosopher and theologian who wrote Confessions and City of God.
Who is Augustine?
The amount of points this question/answer is worth.
What is 1000 points.