Road to the Seven Years’ War
This European rival of Great Britain controlled Canada and claimed the Ohio and Mississippi River valleys before the Seven Years’ War.
What is France?
This European rival of Great Britain controlled Canada and claimed the Ohio and Mississippi River valleys before the Seven Years’ War.
What is France?
This 1764 law placed duties on foreign sugar and molasses and strengthened enforcement against smuggling.
What is the Sugar Act?
Colonists argued Parliament could not tax them because they had no elected representatives in Parliament, summarized by this famous phrase.
What is “No taxation without representation”?
This Enlightenment philosopher argued that all people possess natural rights, including life, liberty, and property.
Who is John Locke?
This young Virginia officer led colonial forces against the French in the Ohio Valley and was forced to surrender at Fort Necessity in 1754.
Who is George Washington?
This British official reorganized the British war effort, concentrated resources on North America, and helped turn the war in Britain’s favor.
Who is William Pitt?
This 1765 law required colonists to provide housing and supplies for British soldiers stationed in the colonies.
What is the Quartering Act?
This resistance organization used protests, boycotts, and sometimes intimidation to oppose the Stamp Act.
Who were the Sons of Liberty?
According to Enlightenment thinkers, government receives its legitimate power from this agreement between the people and their government.
What is the social contract?
Benjamin Franklin proposed this 1754 plan to coordinate colonial defense and Native American relations, but colonial governments rejected it.
What is the Albany Plan of Union?
This major 1759 British victory resulted in the capture of a key French city overlooking the St. Lawrence River.
What is the Battle of Quebec?
This 1765 law required a government stamp on newspapers, legal documents, licenses, and other printed materials.
What is the Stamp Act?
Representatives from nine colonies met in New York in 1765 to coordinate opposition to British taxation at this gathering.
What is the Stamp Act Congress?
This political idea held that citizens should participate in government and that political power should serve the public good rather than a hereditary monarch.
What is republicanism?
These three earlier colonial wars—King William’s War, Queen Anne’s War, and King George’s War—were part of the long imperial rivalry between Britain and France.
What are the first three Anglo-French colonial wars?
After the war, Britain issued this 1763 policy restricting colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains in an effort to reduce conflict with Native peoples.
What is the Proclamation of 1763?
After repealing the Stamp Act in 1766, Parliament passed this law declaring that it retained full authority to legislate for the colonies “in all cases whatsoever.”
What is the Declaratory Act?
Colonial merchants used this economic weapon by refusing to purchase British goods, placing pressure on British merchants and Parliament.
What are nonimportation agreements or boycotts?
Locke argued that if a government violated the natural rights of its people, the people possessed this political right.
What is the right to overthrow or replace the government?
The French and British competed intensely for this interior region because it offered valuable trade routes, fertile land, and strategic access between the Appalachian Mountains and Mississippi River system.
What is the Ohio River Valley?
Britain’s victory removed France as a major North American rival, but the cost of the war contributed directly to this growing postwar conflict between Britain and its colonies.
What is the conflict over taxation, parliamentary authority, and colonial rights?
These punitive laws passed in 1774 closed Boston Harbor, restricted Massachusetts self-government, and were intended to punish Massachusetts after the Boston Tea Party.
What are the Intolerable Acts (Coercive Acts)?
Rather than isolate Massachusetts, the Intolerable Acts helped encourage colonial cooperation and contributed directly to this intercolonial meeting in 1774.
What is the First Continental Congress?
Published in 1776, this pamphlet by Thomas Paine used Enlightenment reasoning to attack monarchy and persuade ordinary colonists to support independence.
What is Common Sense?