Evolution
This is the phylum to which humans belong.
What is the phylum Chordata?
The type of ossification that forms vertebrae
What is endochrondral ossification?
This is the posterior facing projection of the vertebra.
What is the spinous process?
This is the letter associated with the overall shape of the spine.
What is S?
It has a bifurcated spinous process and transverse foramina.
What is a cervical vertebra?
This is a flexible, rod-like structure that forms the main body support in earliest chordates.
What is a notochord?
These fully fuse by 7 years old
What are the 3 primary ossification centers of the vertebra?
These are the lateral facing projections of the vertebra.
What are the transverse processes?
These are the characteristics associated with the different segments of the spine.
What is the flexibility of the cervical and lumbar spine, and the rigidity of the thoracic spine?
It has a long spinous process and a heart-shaped body.
What is a thoracic vertebra?
These are the two subphylum of Chordata.
What are acraniate and craniator vertebrates (craniates)?
These appear during puberty and fully fuse by your mid 20s.
What are the secondary ossification centers of the vertebra?
This is where the spinal cord runs through the vertebral column.
What is the vertebral foramen?
This the number of vertebrae in each segment of the spine.
What is 7 cervical vertebrae, 12 thoracic vertebrae, and 5 lumbar vertebrae?
Extra: Sacrum & coccyx!
This is the function of C1 and C2.
What is the articulation with the cranium, movement and rotation of the head?
This is the jawed craniates that appear during the Devonian period.
What is the Gnathostomata?
The term for the vertebral body during embryotic development
What is the centrum? (body)
These are the features where the vertebrae articulate with one another.
What are the inferior and superior articular facets?
These are the primary functions of the vertebral column.
What is bearing weight, supporting muscles and ligaments, and protecting the spinal cord?
These are the features where the rib articulates with the thoracic vertebrae.
What are the demifacets of the vertebral body and the costal facets of the transverse processes?
These are the main characteristics of the chordates (3).
What are
1. single, central nerve cord
2. bilateral symmetry
3. cephalization (centralization of sensory organs)?
This is the function of HOX gene expression in vertebral column development
What is the segmented expression of genes for different areas of the vertebral column? Responsible for dictating anterior-posterior sequencing.
These are the two parts that make up the intervertebral discs.
This feature is only present when the vertebrae are articulating.
What is the intervertebral foramen?
This is an upward projecting rim of lateral edges of vertebral body.
What is the uncinate process of the cervical vertebrae?