Jawless Fishes
Do jawless fish have an amniotic egg?
NO
Do jawed fish have an amniotic egg?
NO
Do amphibians have an amniotic egg?
NO
Do reptiles have an amniotic egg?
Do mammals have an amniotic egg?
YES
Which group of jawless fish DO have vertebrae?
Lampreys
Vertebrates that have jaws are called...?
Gnathostomes
What is the ecological significance of limbs in amphibians?
Adaptation for extended use of terrestrial habitat
What does it mean to be an ectotherm?
Cold-blooded. Cannot regulate their own internal body temperature and takes on the temperature of the external environment.
What does it mean to be endothermic?
Which group of jawless fish does NOT have vertebrae?
Hagfish
How do we hypothesize that lungs developed?
*Cartilaginous fishes lost lungs
*Ray-finned fishes co-opted lungs to become gas-filled swim bladders
What trait can cause lots of water loss in amphibians?
Gas Permeable skin-allows liquids and gases to exchange between the amphibian and the environment
*Also makes amphibians more susceptible to toxins in the environment. This trait causes them to absorb toxins through their skin which is a major cause of extinction in amphibians.
What is the importance of an amniotic egg?
Breaks ties to water and increases offspring survivorship (born at advanced developmental stage)
What are the three major mammalian groups?
*Monotremes: Echidna, platypus-no placenta or nipples. Lay eggs and produce milk from belly glands.
*Marsupials: Kangaroos, Opossum-embryo born early; completes development in mother's marsupium "pouch"
*Eutherians: Primates, Humans-complete embryonic development within the uterus; joined to mother by placenta
Which group of jawless fish are often eco-parasites?
Lampreys!
Prefix-Ecto (outside) and parasites are something that feed off of a host. That means that lampreys feed on to or attach to the outside of an organism (Leeches are this too!)
Jaws developed from skeletal rods that previously supported the anterior pharyngeal slits.
What term is used to describe a large group of gnathostomes with four feet?
Tetrapoda
Are birds considered reptiles?
Yes! Most closely related to to extinct group of dinosaurs (that were reptiles).
What is the ecological significance of lactation and fur in mammals?
Lactation: extensive parental care
Fur: activity under a wide range of environmental conditions
BONUS! Name the three subphyla of Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Cephalochordata: Lancelets
Subphylum Urochordata: Sea Squirts
Subphylum Vertebrata: Vertebrates
Sharks and rays are members of class...?
Chondrichthyes (The cartilaginous fishes)
What is the importance of amphibians to human welfare?
Biological control agents of pests, biological indicators of environmental degradation
What are some adaptations birds have for flight? (name 2)
*Reduced organ systems (single, not paired)
*Feathers (modified scales)
*Hollow Bones
*Elongated keel on sternum where flight muscles attach
What are 2 advantages of internal fertilization?
*Offspring are protected
*Offspring are portable (mother not tied to a nest)