Homeostasis
What is homeostasis?
Maintenance of a consistent internal state
This biological macromolecule is commonly know as sugars and starches.
Carbohydrates
What four bases are found in DNA?
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine
Where does transcription occur within the cell?
Nucleus
Please give one example of an agricultural application of genetic engineering.
Tomatoes are genetically modified so that they do not soften like a naturally grown tomato
How can an isolated cell make vital exchanges with the external environment?
Everything is bathed in fluid!
Extracellular fluid.
This biological macromolecule does not dissolve in water.
Lipid
What is the complementary sequence of bases for the following strand of DNA?
CATTG
GTAAC
Where does translation occur within the cell?
On ribosomes
Please give one example of a pharmaceutical application of genetic engineering.
Bananas, carrots, potatoes, lettuce and tobacco have been engineered to produce vaccines
What are the three components of a negative feedback system?
Sensor
Integrator
Effector
Amino acids are the building blocks of this biological macromolecule.
Proteins
When DNA undergoes the process of __________, each new molecule contains one original strand and one new strand.
Semiconservative replication
What is the "end" product of transcription?
messenger RNA (mRNA)
Please give one example of an environmental application of genetic engineering.
Engineered microbes to break down nitrogen and phosphate in the lakes to prevent toxic algae blooms.
What is the August Krogh principle?
For every adaptation, there will be a particular species in which it is most conveniently studied
This biological macromolecule stores and transfers genetic information.
Nucleic acid
When is a gene considered to be expressed?
When the protein that it codes for is produced.
What is the "end" product of translation?
Protein
What is recombinant DNA?
DNA molecules from 2 or more sources are combined
What are the two major flaws of negative feedback systems?
1. Not perfectly homeostatic
2. Components don't always work well in new environments
This structure contains one glycerol, two fatty acids, and a phosphate group.
Phospholipid
Can you name at least two scientists that were involved in DNA research?
Erwin Chargaff
Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase
Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin
James Watson and Francis Crick
What three components make up a nucleotide?
Five-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
When making recombinant DNA, the recombinant plasmid is typically placed into a __________ host, which rapidly multiples.
Bacteria or yeast