Which structure, which is an adaptation for locomotion, balance, and propulsion, must all chordates possess at some point in their development?
a tail
100
How many chambers does a fish heart have?
2
100
What is unique about turtles compared to other reptiles?
they have a two-part shell
100
What is the purpose of mammary glands?
to nurse young
100
What are the two main types of animal behavior?
innate/inherited and learned
200
Which characteristic of chordates evolved as an adaptation for larger and/or faster aquatic creatures to be able to exchange larger amounts of respiratory gases?
gill slits
200
What is the main characteristic of fish in the class Osteichthyes?
they have bones (bony fish)
200
Birds are the only animals with ______________.
feathers
200
What is a monotreme? Give an example.
egg-laying mammal, platypus or echidna (spiny anteaters)
200
What is a state in which the body temperature drops, oxygen consumption decreases, and breathing rates decline?
hibernation
300
Which chordate characteristic allowed muscles to grow larger and more powerful?
muscle blocks
300
What is a swim bladder and how does it work?
an internal sac in bony fish- fish can control the amount of respiratory gases in it to either sink lower in the water or float up higher
300
Name two specific adaptations birds have for flight.
hollow bones, good vision, large chest (flight) muscles, aerodynamically shaped wings,etc.
300
What are two ways mammals regulate their body temperature?
hair-insulation, sweating-cooling
300
What type of behavior is controlled by light/dark cycles and can determine when an animal sleeps?
circadian rhythm
400
Which chordate characteristic connects the elongated body of the chordate to the brain?
nerve or spinal chord
400
Give two examples of organisms in the order Anura.
frogs and toads
400
What digestive organ do birds have that other animals do not that helps to grind up food?
gizzard
400
What is the muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity and aids in breathing?
diaphragm muscle
400
What type of learned behavior occurs when an animal is repeatedly given a stimulus not associated with any punishment or reward and the animal eventually no longer responds to the stimulus?
habituation
500
Which chordate characteristic added strength and rigidity to an elongated body, and provided protection to the spinal cord?
notochord/backbone
500
What are two challenges that amphibians had to overcome as they transitioned to life on land?
breathing oxygen-lungs vs. gills
controlling body temp.- ectotherms and air more variable than water
leg angle to body-belly dragged when walking
500
What is a Jacobsen's organ?
an organ in a snake's mouth that can help the snake identify smells
500
Describe how an omnivores teeth might be specialized for its diet.
mixture of canines, incisors, premolars, and molars of moderate length/size
500
What type of learning is most often used when humans train animals?