Anatomy
The structures that make up the labyrinth
2 otolith organs
Crystals in the otolithic membrane
Stretch receptors found in skeletal muscles that detect changes in muscle length, helps in unexpected changes in balance
Muscle Spinndles
this disorder causes poor balance, inappropriate eye movements, vertigo, loss of perception of up motion, and sickness
General disfunction of the vestibular system
Located next to the cochlea in the inner ear
Labyrinth
The longest stereocilia, they can bend towards or away from this
Kinocilium
this type of acceleration is when force is applied to an object that moves in a line, like stopping in a car or falling down
Linear acceleration
This brain region adjusts to motor movement to pressure and balance
Cerebellum
This disorder results from sudden pressure change in the inner ear, there is no known cause, it is treated by destroying inner ear on the affected side
Meniere's Disease
These are located at right angles of each other
3 Semicircular canal
The soma of neurons in the vestibulocochlear nerve
Scarpa's ganglion
The fluid in the semicircular canals lags behind because of this
Inertia
This brain region adjusts breathing and blood pressure based on body position
Vital center of medulla
This disorder occurs when a small piece of otolithic membrane breaks off and presses against capula, it is treated with repositioning exercises and it eventually breaks down
Positional Vertigo
Crista's ampullaris is surrounded by this membrane
Cupula
The axons of the vestibulocochlear nerve project to this region, which are found in the brainstem ear the junction between the pons and medulla
the sensory apparatus throughout the utricle and the sacculus
Macula
This brain region allows you to keep focused on a target when moving the head
The cranial nerve nuclei for nerves 3, 4, and 6 in brainstem
This disorder occurs when an excessive amount of alcohol is consumed, it can enter the cupula of the crista ampullaris, makes it denser than the surrounding endolymph, which essentially makes the crista ampullaris into and otolith organ, this causes the sensation of spinning and an overcompensation of movement
Alcohol and loss of Balance/Spins
The macula of the utricle and the macula of the sacculus is surrounded by this membrane
Otolithic membrane
The vestibular nuclei receive input from these brain regions
the cerebellum, visual system, and muscle spindles
Yaw, Pitch, and Roll
Projections from this brain region are sent to the cerebral cortex and are thought to provide the conscious perception of body position and acceleration
Ventroposterior (VP) Thalamus
The swelling at each end of the semicircular canals
Ampulla