Peeing In The Rain
Which cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus are chemo-sensors for Na and Cl concentrations?
What are Macula Densa cells?
Recall the other cell type and its function.
What structure of the nephron is primarily responsible for filtering blood?
What is the renal corpuscle (glomerulus and Bowman's capsule)?
The urinary tract is a complex system consisting of 4 integral structures. What are the 4 structures involved in the urinary tract?
What are the Kidneys, Ureters, Urinary Bladder and Urethra?
Recall the function of each.
What function of the nephron contributes the greatest amount of fluid into the lumen of the tubule?
Tubular secretion
Recall the other functions.
How do we call the volume of filtrate produced into the Bowman's capsules by both kidneys each minute?
What is Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)
What are the two major regions of the kidney?
What are the cortex and medulla?
What is the functional structural unit of the kidney called?
What is the Nephron?
These finger-like cells prevent large molecules from being filtered.
What are Podocytes?
Recall the other 2 layers of filtration.
________ converts Angiotensinogen to Angiotensin I while _______ converts Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II.
What are Renin and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE)?
What tubular components of the nephron are found in the medulla of the kidney?
What are the Loop of Henle and collecting duct?
These types of nephrons are found predominantly in animals such as camels and dessert rats and are essential in concentrating urine.
What are Juxtamedullary nephrons?
What are not components of the glomerular filtrate in a healthy individual?
What are blood plasma proteins and cells?
Recall the components of glomerular filtrate.
List 3 molecules that are reabsorbed and 3 molecules that are secreted.
Molecules reabsorbed: What are Na+, Cl-, Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3-, 100% glucose, and 100% amino acids?
Molecules secreted: What are waste like urea, H+, K+, NH4+, drugs, HCO3-?
Recall the parts of the nephron where (a) secretion and (b) absorption occurs.
What are the vascular components of the nephron?
What are the afferent and efferent arterioles, glomerulus, peritubular capillaries, and juxta-glomerular apparatus?
Differentiate among them.
Recall the tubular components of the nephron.
One of the functions of the kidney is to serve as a pathway for certain hormones. Which hormone is responsible for the regulation of Na+ and water?
What is Aldosterone (via Renin)
What 2 forces oppose filtration?
What are Plasma Colloid Osmotic Pressure and Bowman's Hydrostatic Pressure?
What force promotes filtration?
How does Angiotensin-II lead to an increase in systemic blood pressure?
What are (1) Promotes vasoconstriction of systemic blood vessels (2) Promotes Reabsorption of Na+ and Cl- from the proximal tubules (with water following) (3) Promotes the release of aldosterone which increases Na+ and water reabsorption (4) Stimulates thirst centers in the brain leading to increased fluid intake?
What are the four stages of urine formation?
What are (1) Glomerular filtration (2) Tubular reabsorption (3) Tubular secretion (4) Excretion?
Define each.
The kidney has a major role in the excretion of waste products. Which of the following substances is considered endogenous? Saccharin, Urea, Penicillin, Potassium benzoate.
What is Urea?
Recall the other functions of the kidney.
What 2 scenarios can lead to an increase in GFR and GHP?
What is dilation of the afferent arteriole or constriction of the efferent arteriole?
Which 2 scenarios would produce the opposite result?