Important Names
This group of violent youths started following immigration during the Second World War; the majority of youths in townships were members
What were the Tsotsis?
This group acted as neighborhood vigilantes; despite their being banned in the 1950s, they continued to act until the mid-1980s
What were the civic guards?
Fierce pride in one's national origin
What is nationalism
Khumalo filled this religious office when he started the gang
What is an archbishop?
These small urban areas were often hotspots for violence of many kinds
What are towships?
This man, dubbed the "Vaal Monster", led a group of carjackers on a rampage following their involvement with Inkatha; he would later go on the commit a massacre at the funeral of a man he killed
Who was Victor Kheswa?
A group led by the "Vaal Monster" perpetuated a great deal of this crime in their spree involving Inkatha
What is carjacking?
A fear of the unknown; a dislike of those not from one's home region
What is xenophobia?
This party were chief targets of "cleansings" by the Khumalo Gang
Who were the ANC?
This township would be the site of a 1970s uprising which would cause the temporary dissolution of violent youth groups
What is Soweto?
This group ran amok in 1980s Johannesburg
Who were the Ninevites?
The acronym "SDU" stands for this group of armed vigilantes who countered gangs with their own violence
What is a Self-Defense Unit?
This final action between political groups and organized crime caused a massive escalation in crime rates
What is cutting ties?
This man, a local leader and leading figure in the peace deals around Inkatha, is believed to have been assassinated by the Khumalo Gang
Who was Sam Ntuli?
Police prioritized these neighborhoods over others, regardless of the rampant crime rates
What are white neighborhoods?
This portmanteau was used for the "comrades" of Communist-aligned youths
What were com-tsotsis?
This Basotho group dedicated itself to protecting residents from criminals
Who were the Makgotla?
What is drug smuggling?
This family member's death would be Khumalo's main motivator for starting the gang
Who was his daughter?
This city was dubbed "a town without law"
What is Johannesburg?
This man had absolutely nothing to do with apartheid
Who was some guy who had nothing to do with apartheid?
This group filed a 1989 complaint against the SAP for their inaction against crime, while cracking down on anti-apartheid protestors
Who were the Diepkloof Parents' Association?
The Tsotsis would re-form under this title in the 1980s following their dissolution a decade earlier
What were the Jackrollers?
This tavern would be the site of a massacre committed by the Khumalo Gang following the death of their leader's wife
What is the Ngema Tavern?
This station, named for the famed document contesting apartheid, sat on the rail line from Midway to Orlando
What is Freedom Charter Square?