Types of Viruses
This part of the virion provides an extra layer of protection, but can be destroyed inside of the stomach or with hydrophobic substances like soap.
This is the stage of the viral life cycle that vaccines inhibit.
What is entry?
The vaccine for this virus was developed by exposing a child to the pathogen repeatedly.
What is smallpox?
This type of protein is used for binding to proteins and visualizing protein amounts.
What are antibodies?
This branch of the immune response is tuned to specific antigens.
What is the adaptive immune response?
This type of virus replicates in the nucleus.
What is a DNA virus?
This protein is targeted by antivirals preventing incorporation of viral genomes into the host cell.
What is an integrase?
This was a reason outbreaks spread much more quickly hundreds of years ago compared to today.
What is close living quarters or poor hygiene?
This technique is used to determine how effectively an antibody binds an antigen.
What is ELISA?
This immune cell can release NETs of DNA and cytolytic peptides.
What is a neutrophil?
This type of virus has an extremely high mutation rate.
What is retrovirus (or HIV)?
This antiviral drug gets incorporated into replicating viral RNA and prevents the addition of any other bases.
What is a nucleoside analog?
This is the outbreak that was documented by Greek historian Thucydides.
What is the plague of Athens?
This technique is used to measure the infectivity of lytic viruses.
What is a plaque assay?
This host cell receptor interacts with CD4 T-cells.
What is a MHC-II receptor?
Norovirus infects this part of the body.
What is the GI tract (intestine, colon)?
This type of protein is an antiviral that stops cleavage of the viral polyprotein.
What is a protease?
This is the coronavirus variant that was more lethal than the original strain.
What is delta?
This control is the sample with cells infected with virus and no drug treatment.
What is the positive control?
The complement system performs this to make pathogens recognizable to phagocytes.
This specific virus replicates in DMVs at the endoplasmic reticulum.
What is coronavirus?
This is the percentage of drugs that make it through the clinical pipeline.
What is 10%?
These 2 proteins in the Spanish flu virus were identified as main reasons for it's severity.
What are hemagglutinin and viral polymerase?
This is what the focus forming assay directly measures.
What are virions inside of cells?
Fevers are partly caused by cells actively engaged in this process.
What is energy production?