What is a tiny non-living particle that enters and then reproduces inside a living cell.
100
What is a host?
What is an organism that provides a source of energy for a virus or another organism.
100
All viruses have two basic parts which are:
What is a protein coat and an inner core.
100
If a virus is non-living, how is it able to multiply?
What is the virus uses the energy of the cell it attaches itself to.
100
Why can viruses be useful?
What is scientists use gene therapy - they add genetic material to a virus and use the virus as a "messenger service" to deliver the genetic material to cells that need it.
200
Why do most biologists consider viruses to be non living?
What is because they do not have all the characteristics of life:
Are not made of cells
Cannot grow/develop
Cannot respond to surroundings
Do not use their own energy
Cannot make their own food or produce wastes
200
Compare the size of a virus to the size of a cell.
What is viruses are smaller than cells.
200
What are two reasons that the protein coat of a virus are important?
What is it provides protection for the virus and the inner core and the surface proteins allow the virus to attach to certain cells in a host.
200
Describe what happens after a virus injects its genetic material into a cell.
What is the genetic material takes over many of the cell's functions, instructs the cell to reproduce the virus's proteins and genetic material, proteins and genetic material assemble into new viruses.
200
Give an example of two known viruses.
What is smallpox, cold sore, influenza, cold, yellow fever, HIV, tobacco mosaic, polio, West Nile, etc.
300
What is the only way that viruses are like organisms?
What is they can multiply - however viruses do so differently than organisms.
300
What unit of measurement is used to measure viruses?
What is nanometers (nm).
300
What is the viruses genetic material responsible for?
What is the genetic material contains the instructions for making new viruses.
300
What is the difference between an active virus and a hidden virus?
What is an active virus immediately goes into action whereas a hidden virus do not immediately become active and its genetic material becomes part of the cell's genetic material until it eventually becomes active.
300
What are the characteristics that all living things share?
What is:
-cellular organization
-similar chemicals
-use energy
-respond to surroundings
-grow and develop
-reproduce
400
What is a bacteriophage?
What is a virus that infects bacteria.
400
In what ways are viruses commonly named?
What is in a variety of ways: after the disease they cause, the organisms they infect, the place they were first found, the scientists that made the discovery.
400
Why are a viruses outer membrane proteins important?
What is because they help the virus attach to its host
400
Describe what happens when an organism is infected by an active virus.
What is:
1.) Virus attaches to the surface of a cell.
2.) Virus injects genetic material into the cell.
3.) Genetic material immediately takes over the cell's functions and the cell starts to produce the virus's proteins and genetic material.
4.) The proteins and genetic material assemble into new viruses that fill the cell.
5.) The cell bursts open (dies), and releases the new viruses which go on to infect more cells.
400
What is the difference between a virus and a parasite?
What is a parasite is a living organism whereas a virus is non-living.
500
How are a virus and a parasite similar?
What is they harm the cells they enter.
500
Which is larger, a virus or a bacterium?
What is a bacterium.
500
TRUE or FALSE: All viruses are have the same shape and size.
What is false.
500
Describe what happens when an organism is infected by a hidden virus.
What is:
1.) Virus attaches to host cell.
2.) Virus injects genetic material into cell.
3.) Virus's genetic material becomes part of the cell's genetic material (each time the host cell divides, the virus's genetic material is copied with the host's genetic material)
4.) After some time, virus's genetic material removes itself from the cell's genetic material and becomes active.
5.) The cell begins to produce the virus's proteins and genetic material, which assemble into new viruses.
6.) Cell bursts (and dies) and new viruses are released.