Viruses
What is a virus?
A virus is a small non-cell that can only reproduce by infecting a host cell.
What is the Lytic Cycle?
When a virus infects a cell causing it to replicate the virus until the host cell lyses.
What is the Lysogenic Cycle?
When a virus hides itself inside the cell, and replicates when the cell undergoes cell division.
What is the immune system?
A network of organs and tissues that aim to protect the body and fight against infections and diseases.
What are antivirals and how do they work?
They are pills, liquids, or IVs that make a virus infection less severe if given within a certain time frame after contracting the virus. They affect virus replication.
What type of genetic material do viruses have?
Either RNA or DNA.
Name all the steps of the Lytic Cycle.
Attachment, Entry, Protein Synthesis & Replication, Assembly, Lysis
Does the cell lyse during the Lysogenic Cycle?
No.
What does the first line of defense include, and is it guaranteed to keep pathogens out?
The skin and mucous membranes ; No.
What do antivirals fight against?
Viruses
A virus contains a protective protein coat, also known as a…?
Capsid
How can the virus disguise itself in Attachment?
Name the steps of the Lysogenic Cycle.
Attachment, Entry, Integration, Host Cell Division
What is the inflammatory response?
When the tissue level of the body is injured and chemicals are released causing swelling.
How do vaccines work?
They introduce an inactivated or weak pathogen to the body, in hopes that the body will develop an immune response to it without actually contracting the disease.
What codes for the virus' proteins?
Viral Genome
Once the cell has created multiple copies of the virus, what occurs?
The cell lyses.
Can viruses switch from the Lysogenic Cycle to the Lytic Cycle? How?
Yes - the prophage becomes active and leaves the host genome, triggering the Lytic Cycle.
Name the two types of adaptive immunity.
Cell-Mediated & Humoral
What do vaccines fight against?
Diseases caused by bacteria and viruses.
By going through the process of budding, a virus forms a(n) ____, which contains glycoproteins.
Envelope
In the Assembly phase, what two things combine in order to create a complete virus?
Capsids and Viral Genomes
What can trigger the Lysogenic Cycle to switch to the Lytic Cycle?
Chemicals, lack of food in the host cell, UV radiation, & other unknown reasons.
Memory T-Cells and Memory B-Cells ; They can remember antigens, and will be able to fight it easier the next time it enters the body.
What is Herd Immunity?
If enough people who are able to get the vaccine do, it will protect those who can't against the disease.