Viruses
Which is bigger: a virus or a bacterium?
Bacterium
What is the function of ribosomes?
Ribosomes produce important proteins for bacterial cells
What are the 4 ways infectious disease can spread?
1. Contact with an infected person
2. Contact with a contaminated object
3. Contact with an infected animal
4. Contact with environmental sources
What information is stored in a virus's genetic material?
It has the instructions to make a new virus
What is respiration?
Process of breaking down food to release its energy
What is the best treatment for bacterial disease and for viral diseases?
Bacterial: antibiotics
Viral: over the counter medications help you deal with the symptoms of a viral infection
Where in a host cell does a hidden virus "hide" while it is inactive?
The virus's genetic material becomes part of the host cell's genetic material
What are the three ways that bacteria can obtain food?
1. Use capture and use the sun's energy
2. Some use energy from chemical substances in their environment to make their food
3. Eat other organisms or eat the food made by other organisms
What are 2 reasons for why antibiotic resistance happens?
1. You do not take your medicine as prescribed by your doctor and you kill the weaker bacteria and are left with stronger, antibiotic resistant bacteria
2. Your doctor misdiagnoses you and gives you the wrong antibiotics, making some of the bacteria resistant to antibiotics
3. Antibiotics are often fed to animals and then we eat these animals that have antibiotic resistant bacteria in their body
How are viruses useful to scientists?
Viruses can be used in gene therapy (scientists can add important genetic material into a virus and then use it as a messenger to give the important genetic material to cells in the body that are missing the important genetic material)
What happens during binary fission?
During binary fission, one cell makes a copy of its genetic material and then divides into 2 separate cells. Each new cell gets its own complete copy of the part cell's genetic material and some of the parent's ribosomes and cytoplasm
What is different in the reproduction of active viruses and hidden viruses?
Hidden viruses have a step where the genetic material becomes part of the host cell's GM and that host cell replicates many times with the virus GM inside of it. Then, when the virus is ready, it removes its GM from the host cell's GM and then becomes active.
State the 5 steps of active virus replication.
1. Virus attaches to a host cell
2. Virus injects genetic material into the host cell
3. Virus's genetic material takes over host cell functions and cell starts to make parts for new viruses (proteins and genetic material)
4. Virus parts assemble to make a new viruses that fill the host cell
5. Host cell bursts open and new viruses are released
List 3 reasons why not all bacteria cause harm.
1. Oxygen production
2. Food production: yogurt, sour cream
3. Environmental recycling: return basic chemicals back to environment for other living things to reuse
4. Environmental cleanup: break down oil spills
5. Health and medicine: help you digest your food
Why is conjugation different from binary fission?
Conjugation: 1 bacterium tranfers GM to into another bacterium through a bridge that joins the 2 bacterial cells. After the GM transfer, the cells separate. Then these bacteria go through binary fission with a mix of the old and new GM, making a new bacterial cell that is different from the parent cells.