Viruses
What is a bacteriophage?
a virus that infects bacteria
(“bacteria eater”)
What are the bacteria cell shapes?
Stella: star
Spira: coil or spiral
Kokkos: sphere
Bacillus: rod
Are viruses living?
No, viruses are considered nonliving
What are decomposers?
organisms that break down large chemicals in dead organisms into small chemicals
(“natures recyclers”)
What does a parasite do?
It causes harm to the host cell that it‘s living in.
How much is one nanometer?
a billionth of a meter
What process do bacteria use to reproduce?
binary fission
Can viruses reproduce on their own?
No, viruses cannot reproduce on their own
Are bacteria autotrophs or heterotrophs?
Bacteria can be both
What are ribosomes?
Chemical factories where proteins are produced
What are the virus‘s main two parts?
The inner core and the protein coat
When do endospores form?
In unfavorable and harsh conditions
Only when can viruses multiply?
When they are inside a living cell
The process of breaking down food to release energy is called what?
Cellular Respiration
What are some examples of what viruses can be shaped like?
Bullets, Round, Rod-shaped, Bricks, Threads
What is the protein coat used for?
allows viruses to attach only to certain cells of the host
What can bacteria be good for?
oxygen and food production
medicine
environmental clean up and recycling
What happens when a virus enters a host cell to multiply?
Its genetic material takes over many of the cells functions
How can bacteria in food make you sick?
When bacteria causes food to spoil by breaking down the food’s chemicals
What does an endospore do?
It encloses the cell’s genetic material and some of it’s cytoplasm.
How are viruses named?
The disease they cause or where the were discovered
What happens during pasteurization?
the food is heated to a temperature high enough to kill most harmful bacteria without changing the taste of the food
What is gene therapy?
When scientists use the virus as a messenger to deliver genetic material to cells that need it
How do scientists produce human insulin?
By manipulating the bacteria‘s genetic material
What does nitrogen-fixing bacteria do for nature?
It helps plants survive