Viruses
The cell or organism type a particular virus can infect
What is the host range?
The specialized viral enzyme which creates copies of RNA using RNA molecules as a template
What is RNA dependent RNA polymerase?
Region of the cytoplasm where the DNA is located
What is the nucleoid?
The form of cell division carried out by prokaryotes
What is binary fission?
The use of living things such as prokaryotes to remove pollution from the environment
What is bioremediation?
A complete viral particle which is found outside of its host
What is a virion?
The specialized viral enzyme that functions to create a DNA copy of the RNA based viral genome
What is reverse transcriptase?
Layer of proteins located outside of the cell wall and aid in adhesion and protection
What is the S layer?
The form of horizontal gene transfer where a prokaryote absorbs small fragments of DNA from the surroundings
What is transformation?
The host cell which contains a prophage
What is a lysogen?
The term used to describe the genome contained within the protein capsid
What is the nucleocapsid?
The specialized viral enzymes used by retroviruses to insert a copy of their genome into the host cell genome
What is integrase?
Long, tail-like extensions which is used for cell movement
What are flagella?
The form of horizontal gene transfer where a bacteriophage carries genetic material from one host cell to another host cell
What is transduction?
A cancer causing gene
What is an oncogene?
The viral shape which has a capsid of identical subunits arranged symmetrically
What is icosahedral?
The stage of the bacteriophage replication cycle where a hole is introduced into the host cell wall through which the genome of the virus can gain entry into the host cell
What is penetration?
Thick wall structures that develop within a bacterial cell during harsh conditions to protect the DNA of that cell
What are endospores?
The form of horizontal gene transfer where a pilus is used to form a conjugation bridge between a donor cell and a recipient cell
What is conjugation?
Proteinaceous infectious particles
What are prions?
The process where mutations change the antigens of a virus creating a new virus
What is antigenic drift?
The process of viral release where a bacteriophage creates a hole in the cell wall through which virions are released
What is extrusion?
The rod-shaped structure of prokaryotic cells
What is bacillus?
Extrachromosomal DNA in the form of small circular structures
What are plasmids?
The form of metabolism used by prokaryotes which relies on getting electrons from reduced inorganic substances
What are lithotrophs?