Virus structure and function
What is the genetic material found inside a virus?
DNA or RNA
What phase of the cell cycle is the cell growing and preparing to divide?
Interphase
During which phase do chromosomes condense and become visible?
Prophase
What are the four main types of macromolecules?
Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids
What is the main function of carbohydrates in organisms?
Provide Energy
True or False: Viruses are considered living organisms because they can reproduce on their own.
False
During which phase does the cell actually divide its nucleus?
Mitosis
In which phase do chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell?
Metaphase
What is the monomer of proteins?
Amino acids
Which biomolecule is primarily responsible for storing genetic information?
Nucleic Acids
What protein coat surrounds the genetic material of a virus?
Capsid
Name the three main checkpoints in the cell cycle.
G1 Checkpoint
G2 Checkpoint
M Checkpoint
What phase is characterized by the separation of sister chromatids?
Anaphase
Which macromolecule is primarily found in fats and oils?
Lipids
Proteins can function as enzymes, structural components, and what else?
Hormones, transport molecules, antibodies (accept any one)
Name the process by which a virus attaches to and enters a host cell.
Infection
What happens if a cell fails the G1 checkpoint?
Apoptosis
During which phase does the nuclear envelope reform around separated chromosomes?
Telophase
What type of biomolecule is starch?
Carbohydrate (polysaccharide)
How do lipids function in cells besides energy storage?
Form cell membranes and act as insulation/protection
Why are viruses considered nonliving?
Because they can only reproduce inside a living host cell.
What is the purpose of the cell cycle checkpoints?
To make sure the cell is ready to move on to the next phase and prevent errors.
What is the final process that physically divides the cytoplasm into two daughter cells?
Cytokinesis
Name a food example rich in nucleic acids.
Any food containing cells, e.g., meat, fish, or plants (all living cells contain DNA/RNA)
Why are nucleic acids essential for protein synthesis?
Because DNA holds the instructions and RNA helps assemble proteins.