Viruses Functions and Structures
Functions of Bacteriophage
Antibiotics and Vaccines
Lytic and Lysogenic Cycle
HIV
100
What are the 3 different shapes of a virus?
Helix, Bullet, and Round
100
What is a bacteriophage?
It is a virus that parasitizes a bacterium by infecting it and reproducing inside it.
100
What are vaccines?
An infective agent that typically consists of a nucleic acid molecule in a protein coat, is too small to be seen by light microscopy, and is able to multiply only within the living cells of a host
100
What is the first step of the Lytic Cycle?
The virus attaches to the bacteria (host)
100
What can an HIV cause or do?
It can destroy so many of your cells that your body can't fight infections and diseases anymore
200
What does the virus insert in the cell when it attaches to it?
DNA
200
What does the elongated tail of the phage consist of?
A hollow core, a sheath around it, and six distal fibers attached to a base plate
200
What is the role of vaccines?
They provide immunity against several diseases and viruses.
200
What is the second stage of the lysogenic cycle?
The virus inserts DNA into the bacteria
200
How is the HIV Virus spread from one person to another?
By sexual contact from one person to another
300
What is the function of the protein coat in the virus?
To protect the genetic material in the virus and to react with the cell wall of the potential host cell
300
What does a phage consist of?
-Capsid or head -Often polyhedral in shape that contains DNA -An elongated tail consisting of a hollow core, a sheath around it, and six distal fibers attached to a base plate
300
What causes "memory" for the immune system to remember how to fight off the next infection?
If you get infected a second time, your immune system is already prepared for the pathogen and can quickly make enough antibodies to kill the infection before any symptoms are felt
300
What is the second phase of the lytic cycle?
The virus inserts its DNA into the bacteria
300
What are some of the symptoms of the HIV virus?
A dry cough or shortness of breath, difficult or painful swallowing, diarrhea lasting for more than a week, and white spots or unusual blemishes in and around the mouth.
400
Name all of the parts in a virus
Protein coat (Capsid), DNA or RNA, Protein tail, Spikes, and Slime Layer
400
What happens when the bacteriophage attaches to the cell?
Once the phage grabs attaches to the cell, its DNA enters the bacterial cell while the virus’ protein coat is left outside
400
What are the blood cells that swallow dead or dying germs and infected cells, then digest them?
White Blood Cells
400
Do symptoms show later or immediately in the lytic cycle?
Immediatley
400
Is HIV a lytic or lysogenic cycle and explain why?
Both because when it first infects it, a person infected with HIV might not feel the infection until few years, which makes it lysogenic, and when it becomes virulent and bursting out the host cell, it releases more viruses from the infected helper t cell, which makes it lytic.
500
Name 3 of the structures in a virus and explain each role of each structure
Protein coat (Capsid)- To protect the genetic material in the virus and to react with the cell wall of the potential host cell DNA or RNA- Used to help multiply virus Protein tail- Helps virus move and attach to cell Spikes- Attached at the end of tail and helps attach to cell Slime Layer- protects the virus from environmental dangers such as antibiotics and desiccation
500
What is the function of the bacteriophage?
The function of the bacteriophage is that when it attacks a bacterial cell, the proteins at the end of the tail fibers and the base plate on the virus attaches to the proteins located on the bacterial wall.
500
How long does it take to reproduce T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes?
A few weeks for the immune system to produce T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes.
500
What is the difference of the Lytic and Lysogenic Cycle?
In the lytic cycle, the virus takes over the cell's machinery and produces viruses with it and with the lysogenic cycle, the virus attaches to the cell and inserts its DNA into the cell's chromosomes. Symptoms show immediately in the lytic cycle and symptoms show later in the lysogenic cycle.
500
Why does the HIV virus mutates so rapidly?
The HIV virus hijacks the CD4 cell and forces the cell replication mechanisms to produce more viruses.
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