Anatomy
What is another name for the tympanic membrane?
The ear drum
What does Audition process?
Vision- Light
Audition- Sine wave
Cones are best for _____time
Rods are best for ____time
Cones= Daytime or light
Rods= Nightime or dark
What is the given example of the threshold for perception of color?
Bright moonlight
What is the ear equivalent of photo receptors?
Inner hair cells!
What is the area responsible for the first stage of visual processing?
The primary visual cortex (area V1
Within the basilar membrane, which frequencies are at which point?
High frequencies- Cochlear base
Low frequencies- Choclear apex
For 100 extra points: what are examples of frequencies at the base or apex (Hz)?
Which visual system is the Scotopic system? What does it do?
Rods- Processing moving stimuli, NO COLOR
Where is the basilar membrane located in the ear?
Inside the cochlea.
Which cortex processes which visual field in the eye
Left cortex processes right visual field
Right cortex processes left visual field
What does amplitude/intensity correlate with color waves? Wavelength/frequency?
Amplitude/tntensity- Brightness OR Loudness
Wavelength/frequency- Hue OR pitch
Which visual system is the photopic system? What does it do?
Cones- color vision AND detail
What are the components of the inner ear? What are they made of, and what/where do they meet?
middle- Malleus, Incus, Stapes
(three little bones that move, meet the cochlea at the oval window)
What are the two paths for vision processing? What is their main function?
Ventral stream --> Temporal cortex
- the WHAT path, identify and recognize objects
Dorsal stream --> Parietal cortex
- the WHERE path, movement proception/visual guidance
What are the three steps for visual perception? What does each do?
- Detection (absorption of energy)
- Transduction (physical energy --> electrical signal)
- Coding (signals analyzed, respond)
What are the two sections of the LGN? Which is for rods and which for cones?
Parvocellular
- Outer four layers (3-6), CONES
Magnocellular
- two inner layers (1-2), RODS
Is the fovea the highest or lowest point of vision acuity? What are the three reasons that support the correct answer?
Highest, because:
1. Overlap of visual field between left and right eye
2. More cones, meaning more DETAIL and COLOR processing
3. Light hit cones directly due to the part (no layers above)
On the board, list out the retino-geniculo-cortical Pathway
Retina --> Optic nerve --> Optic chiasm --> Optic tract --> LGN --> Optic radiations --> Primary Visual Cortex
What are the 6 steps of ear transduction? Write them out on the board.
1. Sound waves --> tympanic membrane
2. Tympanic movement = auditory ossicles displacement
3. stapes move at the oval window, pressure waves in the perilymph of the vestibular duct
4. Pressure waves distort basilar membrane on way to round window on tympanic duct
5. basilar membrane vibration = vibration of hair cells against tectorial membrane
6. info about region/intensity of stimulation relayed to CNS over cochlear branch of cranial nerve.
For 100 extra points: what is the number of the brain cranial nerve?
What Neurotransmitter is mainly in the inner hair cells, allowing for _____ (Excit or Inhib) signals to trigger an ____ _____.
Potassium