Visual
What is the IDEA definition of a visual impairment?
Impairment in vision that, even with correction, adversely affects a student’s educational performance.
What is the IDEA definition of a hearing impairment?
An impairment in hearing, whether permanent or fluctuating, that adversely affects the child’s educational performance but that is not included under the definition of deafness.
A beeping ball would be an effective strategy to assist a student with which type of disability?
Visual impairment
Less than _____% of school age children receive special education who are categorized as having multiple disabilities, traumatic brain injury, or deaf-blindness.
What is less than 1?
Rosa's Law
what is the law that Officially stripped the terms mental retardation and mentally retarded from U.S. health, education, and labor policy in 2010?
What might cause a visual impairment?
Injury, disease, genetics
What are the different levels of hearing loss?
Mild, moderate and severe
An FM unit would benefit a student with which type of disability?
Hearing impairment
These are defined as daily living skills
What are adaptive behaviors or independent living skills such as toileting, feeding, bathing, dressing and daily care?
Students identified as having a cognitive impairments have IQ scores of
what is 70 or below
Three types of vision loss?
•Legal blindness: corrected vision is less than 20/200 in better eye
•Tunnel vision: restricted field of vision (20 ˚ or less at widest angle) – typical field of vision is 180˚
•Partial sight (low vision) able to use vision as primary source of learning
The three types of hearing loss
•Conductive hearing loss: sound is blocked from outer to inner ear interfering with the movement of ear drum – reduction over time – hearing aides / surgery improve condition
•Sensorineural hearing loss: problems with workings of inner ear or hearing nerve – typically born with it - permanent
•Mixed hearing loss: combination
Education / curriculum supports should focus on these skills for students with cognitive impairments (elementary through high school):
Academic skills ~ Use Direct instruction
teach Functional reading skills & math skills
Teach Self-help skills - Critical to move toward independence
Social skills focus on decision making
Communication skills ~ verbal, sign, functional
Motor skills
Personal independence and participation in the community - Focus on problem solving and decision making
Employment preparation (sheltered workshops, Supported employment)
IDEA definition of Severe & Multiple Impairment
a student with a significant physical, sensory, intellectual, language, motor, and/or social-interpersonal difficulties
& who require services and support in many facets of their lives (daily living skills)
A student who can not be educated to fullest extent in a classroom for students with only one of the associated impairments (i.e. a student with physical disabilities & language deficits can not be appropriately educated in a classroom for students with only physical impairments or in a classroom for students with only language impairments)
Identify causes of cognitive impairments
genetics/ hereditary, infections / illness, environmental factors (lack nutrition, toxins, complications at delivery, etc.)
What are some characteristics of a student with a visual impairments?
Squinting, poor hand-eye coordination, poor spatial awareness/perceptual - motor delays, and poor balancing skills.
orientation & mobility difficulties
speech & lang. delay/ social delay
•Intelligence -differs from sighted children in some areas – spatial concepts to knowledge of world
•Academic achievement - Delayed due to many factors ~ organizing thoughts, reading braille, comprehension
What are some characteristics of a student with a hearing impairment?
Difficulty communicating with others, speech delay, or reliance on visual and tactile aids.
Social delay
Educational delay by up to 3-4 years
Relatively normal IQ distribution (IQ more closely related to students language development than hearing).
Four areas/skills which elementary educators should focus on for students who have severe & multiple impairments
what is
Self-determination
Parental involvement
Teaching functional skills
Assistive technology and augmentative communication
Impairment of Intelligence
Impairment of academic achievement
Impairment of speech/communication
Impairment of physical and related health issues
Impairment of vision &/or hearing
IDEA criteria for a cognitive impairment (three main)
IQ score of 70 or below
Impairment of adaptive behaviors
Academic achievement in the lowest six percentiles as compared to age peers
(Age of onset (prior to 18 AAIDD / early elementary IDEA)
What are some accommodations you can make for a student with visual impairments?
Keep a front row seat open, assign a peer to take notes, use large font size, auditory books, Peer guide, brightly colored equipment, visual aids, padded equipment.
Optacon scanner, Kerzweil reader, Apps, calculators, watches, e-readers with voice output
What are some communication techniques &/or accommodations you can use to assist a student with hearing loss in the classroom?
Make eye contact, sign language, provide multiple demonstrations, repeat instructions, be clear and brief, FM unit, handout with cues and vocabulary, seating arrangements, tactile device.
Tasks important in planning for transition to adult life (Four, in particular for students with physical, severe or multiple impairments)
◦Establish network of friends and acquaintances
◦ ◦Develop ability to use community resources on a regular basis - Family / Student programs
◦Secure paid job that supports use of community resources and interaction with peers - Jared
◦Establish independence and autonomy in making lifestyle choices
Definition: alternative basis to measure student progress based on meaningful learning activities
i.e., a tool to measure the number of words created in a sentence using communication boards or tools & tracking the student progress
Why important: measuring real life functional independent living skills and tasks
A student with a cognitive impairment has a limited to ability to engage in the following tasks;
What is
Reason,
plan (self-regulation),
solve problems,
think abstractly,
comprehend complex ideas,
learn quickly / working / short term& long term memory issues,
learn from experience,
delayed adaptive skills,
speech & lang. delays