Vitals Signs
What factors can cause variations in normal body temperature readings between different patients?
List 3
Answer: Age, time of day, physical activity, and hormonal changes.
What is the purpose of palpation in a physical examination of the abdomen, and what might the presence of tenderness suggest?
Palpation is used to detect masses, tenderness, or organ enlargement; tenderness may suggest inflammation or infection, such as in appendicitis.
For which specific exams might a healthcare provider request the patient avoid caffeinated beverages beforehand, and why?
For cardiovascular exams or stress tests, as caffeine can elevate heart rate and blood pressure.
Why might a patient need to stay still and follow breathing instructions during a chest X-ray?
Movement can blur the images, making it difficult to assess the lung and chest structures accurately.
What does a blood pressure cuff measure?
Blood Pressure
Which specific artery is most commonly used for checking a pulse during a clinical examination, and why?
The radial artery, because it is easily accessible and provides a clear pulse.
During an inspection of the skin, what changes in color might indicate a circulatory or respiratory issue?
Cyanosis (bluish color) can indicate low oxygen levels, while pallor (pale skin) may suggest poor circulation or anemia.
Why is the lithotomy position commonly used during a gynecological examination, and what are the potential risks for certain patients?
It provides better access to the pelvic area; risks include increased pressure on the lower back and blood pooling in lower limbs, particularly in patients with circulatory issues.
What handheld tool is used to check blood glucose levels
A glucometer.
During a general physical exam, which part of the body is usually examined for pulse?
Wrist (Radial Artery)
When taking a respiratory rate, what are two factors besides rate that should be observed and noted?
Rhythm (regular or irregular) and depth (shallow or deep breathing).
What is the rebound tenderness test, and what condition might it suggest if positive?
Rebound tenderness is pain felt upon releasing pressure, often indicating peritonitis or appendicitis.
Describe the positioning and preparation required for an exam that uses the Trendelenburg position, and identify when this is commonly used.
The patient lies supine with the body tilted so the head is lower than the feet; used in procedures to improve blood flow to the brain or treat shock.
What does a spirometer measure, and why is it useful in diagnosing lung conditions?
It measures lung capacity and airflow, useful for diagnosing conditions like COPD and asthma.
What type of test involves taking a small blood sample to check for glucose levels?
Glucose Test
Which vital sign measurement can be affected by recent food or drink intake, and how?
Temperature, as hot or cold beverages can alter the reading.
During inspection, what could asymmetry of the chest during breathing indicate?
It may indicate a pneumothorax, atelectasis, or other lung pathology affecting one side.
Why are patients asked to fast before anesthesia?
Fasting reduces the risk of aspiration during anesthesia.
Which imaging tool uses sound waves to create images of organs and structures inside the body?
An ultrasound machine.
Which tool is used to measure a patient’s body temperature?
A Thermometer
Before a blood pressure reading, why should patients avoid crossing their legs?
It can raise blood pressure readings by restricting blood flow.
During inspection of the fingernails, what does clubbing indicate, and in what types of conditions might it be observed?
Clubbing indicates chronic hypoxia and is often seen in lung diseases like COPD or cystic fibrosis.
Before a biopsy, what is the reason for advising patients to avoid certain medications, like blood thinners?
Blood thinners increase bleeding risk, which can complicate the procedure and recovery.
What device is essential for performing an electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG)?
An ECG/ekg machine.
What piece of equipment measures blood oxygen levels and is usually clipped to a patient’s finger?
A pulse oximeter.