A
Name the fat soluble vitamins
Vitamins A, D, E, & K
Name for vitamin B9
Folate
How many carotenoids are there, can they all be converted to vitamin A
Over 600, not all can convert
How is vitamin transferred from intestine to liver
Through the chylomicron
Where do the hydroxylation reactions occur in vitamin D synthesis
1st - Liver (25th carbon)
2nd - Kidney (1st carbon)
Conditions associated with vitamin D deficiency
impaired bone development, rickets (young), osteomalacia, bowed legs, fractures
What is an antioxidant?
Product that scavenge for free radicals (lonely electrons)
What is phylloquinone
Produced by plants (vitamin K)
Chemical structure of all fat soluble vitamins
A- Single C ring and chain
D- Sterols
E- Double C and chain
K- Double C and variable chain
What can additional B6 help with
Mental health disorders
Role of intrinsic factor
Protein, small intestine covers B12 to intestinal transport and absorption
What is the active form of thiamin
Thiaminpyrophosphate
Pigs can store which vitamin for 2 months
Thiamin
Riboflavin is apart of which compound
Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)
NAPH (?) role
Phosphorylated form of NAD (?) needed for fatty acid synthesis
B6 compounds
pyridoxal, pyridoxamine, pyridoxine
Signs of niacin deficiency
anorexia, reduced growth, dementia
What is transcobalamin
Transport mechanism to move B12
Vitamin A isomers and purpose
Retinol- Base component of retinol-palmitate
Retinoic Acid- role in cellular turnover
Retinal- important to vision
What is the other name for the source of vitamin A in animal tissue
Retinyl-ester
How is vitamin D synthesized
7 dehydrocholesterol converted to cholesterol (enzymatic), then to provitamin D3, skin and body temp metabolism converted to vitamin D
What can occur with vitamin K deficiency
Coagulation of blood and hemorrhaging can occur
How to detoxify menaquinones
Isoprene units
Functions of thiamine (vitamine B1)
Part of coenzyme required for oxidation of carbohydrates (energy metabolism) and maintenance of brain function
What is the role and function of vitamin E
Protects cellular integrity and prevents cellular death, potent antioxidant with vitamin C and selenium