Vitamins/Supplementation
Numbers Game
Disorders
Deficiencies
Riddles
100
Which of the following is recommended in a 3-week-old, exclusively breastfed infant born at term whose family uses well water known to contain no fluoride?
Vitamin D 200 U/d
Fluoride 0.25 mg/d
Vitamin A 10,000 U/d
Vitamin D 400 U/d
Vitamin E 50 U/d
Vitamin D 400 U/d
100
At what age should an infant have doubled their birth weight?
4-5 months of age
Preterm babies may take longer to double their BW
100
Define marasmus?
Malnutrition without edema due to severe total calorie malnutrition
-> loss of muscle, no subcutaneous fat, “wizened old man” face
100
A 12-year-old boy, whose diet is composed mostly of meat, experiences gingival bleeding while brushing his teeth. He also notices that he bruises easily. He is tired most of the time and has noticed some changes in his hair consistency. Last month, he fractured his wrist when he fell on the floor and hurt his hand. Which vitamin could he be deficient in?
Vitamin C
100
I'm crucial for vision, a retinol's close kin, but deficiency leads to blindness, and a compromised immune system within. What am I?
Vitamin A
200
During a scheduled well-child visit, a full-term 3-month-old girl is noted to be pale on physical examination. No rashes or bruising are noted. Her hemoglobin is 8.9 g/dL. She is exclusively breastfed. Her mother appears healthy and follows a vegan diet. The mother’s diet throughout pregnancy and lactation includes whole grains, beans, soy, legumes, and dried fruit in combination with sources of vitamin C, such as citrus fruits. The mother reports that she has not been taking any postnatal supplements and she does not give her daughter any supplementation.
Which of the following findings is most likely to be identified upon examination of a peripheral smear from the 3-month-old girl?
Macrocytosis
Microcytosis
Howell-Jolly bodies
Atypical lymphocytes
Schistocytes
Macrocytosis
200
Do protein requirements per kilogram increase or decrease over time?
Gradually decrease over time
200
Insufficient protein intake leads to what disorder?
Kwashiorkor
Malnutrition with edema
200
A 5-year-old girl with a history of chronic diarrhea presents to your clinical practice for her establish care/wellness exam. Her parents state that their daughter seems to frequently get sick with coughs and colds. They are also concerned about their daughter being smaller in size compared to other children in her kindergarten. The parents note that their family follows a vegan diet, avoiding animal-based products. Furthermore, they say their daughter is a picky eater and mostly eats pasta and peanut butter and jelly sandwiches. They are not currently providing nutritional supplements to their child. She is <3rd percentile for both height and weight. Her exam is significant for alopecia. What nutrient deficiency is most likely responsible for this child’s symptoms?
Zinc
200
I'm a vital spark, a metabolic key,
Deficiency brings beri-beri, you see.
What am I?
Thiamine (B1)
300
Which vitamin functions as a membrane-bound antioxidant by inhibiting free radical-catalyzed lipid peroxidation and terminating radical chain reactions?
Vitamin E
300
What is the estimated fluid deficit for mild, moderate, and severe dehydration? List at least 2 clinical signs of each severity of dehydration?
300
A 2-year-old girl is brought to the clinic for evaluation immediately following an international adoption. She appears cachectic although she has a protuberant abdomen. Her exam is significant for hepatomegaly, pitting edema to her lower extremities, dry brittle hair, and diffuse well-demarcated reddish-brown scaly rash. What is the most likely cause of this child’s nutritional disorder?
Marasmus
Kwashiorkor
Vitamin C deficiency
Rickets
Refeeding syndrome
Kwashiorkor
300
An infant who is given goat’s milk is most likely to be deficient in which vitamins?
Folate, B6, B12
300
I’m the 30th element on the periodic table
Deficiency will cause your skin to be unstable
What am I?
Zinc
400
Iron absorption is enhanced by ______ and inhibited by _________
Enhanced by ascorbic acid/vitamin C
Inhibited by phytic acid (found in legumes, grains, rice) and polyphenols (tea, spices)
400
What is the formula for daily kcal needs? (Name of formula and what it is)
Holliday-Segar formula
100 kcal/kg for 1st 10 kg + 50 kcal/kg for next 10 kg + 20 kcal/kg for the rest of weight
400
What type of exposure is associated with PICA?
Lead exposure
400
In preterm infants, what vitamin deficiency can present with hemolytic anemia, thrombocytosis, and edema?
Vitamin E
400
I'm a vitamin, a vital key,
To healthy skin, and energy. But lack of me, a flush may bring, a pellagra sting. What am I?
Niacin (Vitamin B3)
500
How much iron is recommended to supplement breastfed babies and how much for formula fed babies? At what age?
Full term healthy breastfed babies need 1 mg/kg of elemental iron starting at 4 months of age.
Formula fed needs formula fortified with at least 12 mg/L of iron. No additional iron supplement is needed
Preterm babies: All breastfed preterm babies or LBW babies need 2 mg/kg/day of iron starting at 1 month old until 12 months old. Formula-fed preterm infants may need additional 1 mg/kg of iron supplementation
500
How many kcals are in 1 gram of carbohydrates, 1 gram of proteins, and 1 gram of fats?
Carbs - 4kcal/gram
Proteins - 4kcal/gram
Fats - 9 kcal/gram
500
What is the name for disorder of zinc uptake by the enterocytes? What sense is reduced in these patients?
Acrodermatitis enteropathica
Reduced taste (hypogeusia)
500
What deficiency leads to this radiographic finding?
(Bonus points if you can name the finding)
Vitamin C deficiency
White lines of Frankel- a dense band at the growing metaphyseal end, involving the provisional zone of calcification
500
I paint the corners of your mouth a vibrant, angry red,
While stealing sunshine from your vision, leaving you half-dead. What deficiency am I?
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) deficiency