Genetics
The type of inheritance pattern that is seen in Vitiligo
What is the interaction between environmental triggers and genetic susceptibility?
Cells that lose self tolerance in thyroid disorders
What are thyroid follicular cells?
Well-defined, milky-white flat skin lesions characteristic of vitiligo
What are macules and patches?
Medications that suppress skin inflammation by binding to intracellular glucocorticoid receptors
What are topical corticosteroids?
The enzyme essential for melanin production that can become an immune target in vitiligo
What is tyrosinase?
What is melanocytorrhagy?
Enzyme that makes the thyroid hormone
What is TPO?
The most common type of vitiligo, usually affecting both sides of the body symmetrically
What is non-segmental vitiligo?
The drug class that includes tacrolimus and pimecrolimus
What are topical calcineurin inhibitors?
A thyroid test pattern showing normal TSH, normal free T4, and positive anti-TPO antibodies
What is thyroid autoimmunity with currently normal thyroid function?
What is the Koeber phenomenon?
Marker of thyroid autoimmunity
What is anti-TPO?
The type of vitiligo that usually affects one side or one region of the body
What is segmental vitiligo?
The standard phototherapy option commonly used for generalized vitiligo
What is narrowband UVB phototherapy?
The gene that encodes a receptor involved in anchoring melanocytes to collagen type IV in the basement membrane
What is DDR1?
The immune system produces these when tyrosinase escapes from melanosomes in melanocyte destruction
What are anti-tyrosinase antibodies?
Most common autoimmune disease seen in Vitiligo
Examination using ultraviolet light to make depigmented skin patches more visible
What is a Wood's lamp examination?
A possible adverse effect of prolonged use of potent topical corticosteroids on facial skin
What is skin thinning (atrophy)?
A superficial fungal infection that can cause lighter or darker patches of skin and mimic vitiligo
What is tinea versicolor?
The gene that dephosphorylates key signalling molecules in the TCR pathway
What is PTPN22?
Thyroid screening shows high TSH, low Free T4 and is marked positive for anti-TPO
What test results indicate overt hypothyroidism?
Distribution of patches on facial and distal areas
What is acrofacial distribution?
A topical treatment alternative to corticosteroids for sensitive areas such as the skin around the eyes
What are topical calcineurin inhibitors, such as tacrolimus?
The recommended approach for a patient with positive anti-TPO antibodies but normal thyroid function
What is periodic monitoring of thyroid function?