I
Definition of Dutch East India Company
A company founded by the Dutch, that established and directed trade throughout Asia
Excommunication
The taking away of a person's right of membership in a Christian Church
Perspective
an artistic technique that creates the appearance of three dimensions on a flat surface
Capitalism
An economic system based on private ownership and on the investments of money in business ventures in order to make a profit
Theocracy
1. A government in which the ruler is viewed as a divine figure
2. A government controlled by religious leaders
The Great Fear
A wave of senseless panic that spread through the French Countryside after the storming of the Bastille in 1789.
Salon
a social gathering of intellectuals and artists, like those held in the homes of wealthy women in Paris and other European cities during the Enlightenment
Jesuits
Members of the Society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic religious order founded by Ignatius of Loyola
Nationalism
the belief that people should be loyal mainly to their nation-that is, to the people with whom they share a culture and history- rather than to a king or empire
Urbanization
the growth of cities and the migration of people into them
Mestizo
a person of mixed Spanish and Native American ancestry
Social Contract
the agreement by which people define and limit their individual rights, thus creating an organized society or government
Definition of Atlantic Slave Trade
the buying, transporting, and selling Africans for work in the Americas
Socialism
An economic system in which the factors of production are owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all
Laissez-faire
the idea that government should not interfere with or regulate industries and businesses
Vernacular
the everyday language of people in a region or country
Coup D'etat
a sudden seizure of political power in a nation
Heretic
a person believing in or practicing religious heresy (belief or opinion contrary to orthodox religious doctrine)
Triangular Slave Trade
The transatlantic trading network along which slaves and other goods were carried between Africa, England, Europe, the West Indies, and the colonies in the Americas
Secular
concerned with worldly rather than spiritual matters
Definition of Encomienda
A grant of land made by Spain to a settler in the Americas, including the right to use Native Americans as laborers on it
Columbian Exchange
the global transfer of plants, animals, and diseases that occurred during the European colonization of the Americas
Enlightened Despot
One of the 18th-century European monarchs who was inspired by Enlightenment ideas to rule justly and respect the rights of subjects
Daimyo
A Japenese feudal lord who commanded a private army of Samurai
Middle Passage
the voyage that brought captured Africans to the West Indies, and later to North and South America, to be sold as slaves- so called because it was considered the middle leg of the triangular trade