Vocabulary
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
100
frigid Mountain climbers wear layers of clothing to protect themselves from frigid, or extremely cold, weather.
What Does It Mean? Something frigid is extremely cold
100
participants The participants in an expedition can be old or young and don’t need to travel far from home.
What is Participants are those who take part in activities.
100
equivalent For European explorers, coming to America may have been the equivalent of visiting the moon—equally strange.
What is An equivalent is something that has the same meaning or value as something else.
100
deduced Henry Stanley deduced, or concluded, that he had found the long-missing British explorer, David Livingstone, in Africa.
What is If you deduced an answer, you reasoned it out, inferred it, or came to a logical conclusion from clues
100
affirmed The presence of Native Americans affirmed, or proved, that Europeans were not the first people in the “New World.”
What Does It Mean? If you affirmed something, you declared or confirmed it to be true.
200
culmination Reaching the top of a mountain at last may be the culmination of a long, hard climb.
What is culmination What Does It Mean? The culmination is the highest or last point of a process.
200
emulate A good person can serve as a role model whom others want to emulate. They want to be like that person.
emulate What Does It Mean? To emulate is to imitate or try to be like someone else.
200
motive The motive of volunteers is not to make money. The reason for their actions is to help those in need.
motive What Does It Mean? The reason why someone does something is his or her motive.
200
anonymous When a donation is from someone who wants to remain anonymous, no one knows who gives it.
What is What Does It Mean? Someone who is anonymous has a name or identity that is not known or not given
200
bland A day without a visit from a friend can be as bland as pasta without sauce.
What is bland What Does It Mean? Something lacking strong features or characteristics is bland.
300
skeptical People who are skeptical about learning a skill may need a friend to help them overcome their doubts.
What Does It Mean? To be skeptical is to be doubtful, questioning, or suspicious about things that others believe
300
veered Many people have veered from their normal routine, changing their path to help someone in need.
What is veered What Does It Mean? If something veered, it changed direction.
300
reception Those who attend a reception, a welcoming gathering, get a chance to meet others whom they admire.
What Does It Mean? A reception is a social gathering honoring, celebrating, or welcoming someone.
300
aim The aim, or purpose, of many fundraisers is to raise money to help people in need.
What is aim What Does It Mean? An aim is a goal or purpose.
300
understatement Saying “I helped” after saving someone’s life is an understatement. It describes a big event in a few plain words.
What Does It Mean? An understatement is a simple description of something big or important.
400
fanatic A sports fanatic may act too wild for some in a crowd, but the home team often appreciates the enthusiasm.
What is fanatic What Does It Mean? A fanatic is a person with extreme enthusiasm for, or devotion to, something.
400
ascent A rocket’s ascent stage, or climb into space, begins with a powerful, fiery liftoff.
What is ascent What Does It Mean? The act of rising higher is an ascent.
400
perilous Movies and comic books often portray outer space as perilous, or full of danger.
What is perilous What Does It Mean? Something perilous is full of danger, risk, and hazard.
400
unpredictability Even though astronauts are well prepared, there is always unpredictability about a mission. No one knows what will happen.
What Does It Mean? Unpredictability occurs when you cannot guess an outcome or result
400
lunar Astronauts have brought back moon rocks that they gathered from the lunar surface
What is lunar What Does It Mean? Something lunar is associated with the moon.
500
likelihood After animals successfully traveled in space, there was a strong likelihood, or probability, that people would be next.
What Does It Mean? Likelihood is the possibility that something will occur
500
hovering This lunar module seems to be hovering over the surface of the moon. It looks as though it is hanging in space.
What is hovering What Does It Mean? To be hovering is to be staying in one place in the air.
500
impending Impending bad weather may threaten to delay the launch of a space shuttle flight.
What Does It Mean? Something that is impending is an event or action that is about to take place.
500
presumably Presumably, people knew the moon was not made of green cheese before Apollo 11 landed there. That is a safe guess.
presumably What Does It Mean? When you say something presumably has happened or will happen, you believe it probably has happened or will happen.
500
option In the future, space travelers may have the option of a window or an aisle seat. Which would you choose?
What Does It Mean? An option is a choice between two or more things.
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