Geography
The cube shaped shrine in heart of Mecca
What is Ka'ba
Daughter of Muhammad and wife of ‘Ali
Who is Fatima
Arabic word for chapters of the Qur’an
What is Sura
This event marked a new beginning for the early community of believers as they arrived in Medina
What is Hijra/Emigration
A dualistic religion practiced by most of the people under the rule of Sassanid Persian Empire at the time of Muhammad’s birth
What is Zoroastrianism
An important Islamic monument in Jerusalem built under the reign of 'Abd al-Malik in 691
What is Dome of the Rock
First amir al-mu'minin after the death of Muhammad
Who is Abu Bakr
A report or a piece of news, specifically about an action or statement of the Prophet
What is Hadith
The year in which Muhammad become a prophet, receiving the first revelations of the Quran
A sect of Shi’ism predominant in Iran and Iraq; traces lineage from Muhammad through Musa and believe that the 12th imam will return
Who are the Twelvers
The only ancient city (none garrisontown) to become a Muslim center in the first Islamic century
What is Jerusalem
This person is credited with the development of Shi'ism as a theology, especially for systematizing the Shi'i notion of Imam
Who is Ja'far
Meaning a path leading to water, this word describes the body of Islamic law that governed the lives of ordinary people
What is Shari'a
This major conflict was what primarily preoccupied Abu Bakr during his reign
What is Ridda/Apostasy Wars
A generic term that is used among Muslims to refer to religious scholars, literally translates as "the knowledgeable ones"
Who are the 'Ulama
The mountain on which the prophet got the first revelations
What is Hira
The first four amir al-mu'minins in succession?
Who is Abu Bakr, 'Umar, 'Uthman, and 'Ali
The special tax that Dhimmi people were subject to under Muslim rule
What is Jizya
One of the major battles in which the Arabs overcame the Persian army and were thus able to occupy the Persian Empire
What is Qadisiyya
People who invented a new saddle system of camel caravans, generally this term refers to the indigenous people of Arabia
Who are the Bedouins
The capital of the Sassanian Empire
What is Ctesiphon
The most famous preacher in Basrah, who criticized leaders’ luxury and initiated religious reform there and combined a “disciplined inner life with political opposition to the government"
Who is Hasan al-Basri
Opposite of ijtihad
What is Taqlid
In the year 625, the Meccans inflicted a severe defeat on the Muslims prior to the Battle of the Trench
What is the Battle of Uhud
This Islamic state in Spain experienced a cultural renaissance and intellectual flourishing which later spread into the rest of Europe