Vocal Villians
The personality types associated with functional dysphonia may have a history of ___ ____ ___ and a majority may experience some level of ___.
previous voice disorders; relapse
True or false: speech-language pathologists are responsible for medical diagnoses of laryngeal pathology as well as rehabilitation.
False
Define phonotrauma
Functional voicing behaviors that contribute to the development of voice disorders
Name a productive change used as a strategy to improve voice disorders
Improved breath support, enhanced vocal tract tuning, appropriate loudness and pitch changes
Name two behaviors involving inappropriate use of respiration that can contribute to the development of a voice disorder.
Shallow chest breathing patten, speaking at the end of normal expiration
One of the most common laryngeal pathologies in young adults.
Nodules or edema
Name two respiratory diseases that can lead to coughing.
Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, malignant lung lesions
Name a maladaptive compensation for symptoms of voice disorders
Effortful phonation, poor tone focus, inappropriate pitch, inappropriate loudness
Name three direct surgery procedures that can affect anatomical structures responsible for phonation and resonance.
Total laryngectomy, hemi-laryngectomy, supraglottic laryngectomy, glossectomy, mandibulectomy, palatal surgery, and other head and neck excisions
This vocal fold pathology creates a stiff adynamic segment due to reduced mucosal wave and amplitude of the vocal fold cover at the lesion site. Mucous gland blockage and vocal abuse can contribute to this pathology.
Cysts
Name three behaviors that contribute to the development of voice disorders.
Shouting, loud talking, screaming, vocal noises, coughing, throat clearing
In the most severe form of this pathology, the membranous portion of the vocal folds is infiltrated with thick, gelatinous fluid, giving them the appearance of enlarged, fluid-filled bags. It is due to long-standing trauma
Reinke's edema
It is common for patients after what surgery to place increased muscle strain on the laryngeal mechanism in an effort to maintain a “normal” higher pitch, which can set the stage for the development of vocal dysfunction?
Hysterectomy
Name three congenital and maturational changes affecting voice.
Congenital webs (synechia), laryngmalacia, puberphonia, presbyphonia or presbylaryngeus
List three common laryngeal sensations that patients report that lead to throat clearing.
Dryness, tickling, burning, aching, lump in the throat, “thickness” sensation
This generic term can encompass breathiness, roughness, increased strain or effort with phonation, intermittent voice breaks, loss of pitch and loudness range, and vocal fatigue.
Dysphonia
When this mode of attack initiates phonation, the vocal folds are abducted as exhalation for phonation begins and adducted after phonation has been initiated, creating a moment of breathiness that is heard at the initiation of the vowel.
Aspirate attack
Symptom psychogenicity, symptom incongruity, and symptom reversibility.
Criteria that should be met before a psychogenic voice disorder diagnosis
One of the main elements in the development of many voice disorders
Sheer force in the form of sudden and violent adduction of VF or more persistent use of vocally traumatic behaviors
Name a type of dysarthria and list 2 of it’s audio perceptual symptoms.
Flaccid - breathy phonation, reduced loudness, diplophonia, hypernasality, nasal air emission
Spastic - vocal fold hyperadduction resulting in low pitch, strain-strangled, effortful, and rough phonation; slow speech rate, monoprosody, hypernasality
Ataxic - irregular, random variations in pitch, loudness, prosody, and speech rate, including excess and equal stress
Hyperkinetic - vocal dystonia, respiratory irregularities resulting in random and sudden changes in pitch and loudness, tremor, myoclonus, intermittent aphonia
Hypokinetic - monopitch and monoloudness, imprecise articulations and weak phonation, limited vocal endurance, rapid speech rate
Mixed - Symptoms of both spastic and flaccid dysarthria