Differential Diagnosis
If a person is taking medication for asthma, but the medication does not work, they may have been diagnosed. What could potentially be the true diagnosis?
Paradoxical vocal fold motion disorder (PVFM)
Bonus: Vocal fold webbing, stridor
The term for gastric fluids passing int UES into the pharynx and larynx that causes irritation and inflammation of the mucosa.
Laryngopharyngeal Reflux (LPR)
Dysphonia
Two examples of alternative methods of speech following medical procedures
Electrolarynx, esophageal speech, voice prosthesis
What can inappropriate use and overuse of the voice cause?
Phonotrauma
Voice disorders that can follow intubation
Stenosis, acute trauma (injury), acute trauma (intubation), vocal fold webbing
Inflammatory degeneration of the superficial layer of the lamina propria that is usually bilateral and symmetrical at the point of greatest contact.
Vocal nodules
Term for "weakness"
What is the 6 attributes of CAPE-V?
This results when vocal folds slam together and stiffen due to spasms that can occur in the thyroarytenoid muscle, lateral cricoarytenoid muscle, or interarytenoid
Abductor spasmodic dysphonia
A response to "Have you had any surgeries recently?" and "Were you intubated/how long?" that leads you to believe there was a prolonged period of intubation may cause you to suspect this diagnosis.
Stenosis
Which is more common: Adductor spasmodic dysphonia (SD), or abductor SD?
Adductor (80-90%)
Swelling
Measurement of the influence of voice problems on a person's quality of life.
Voice Handicap Index (VHI)
An abnormal and inappropriate pattern of VF adduction during inspiration, resulting in inhalatory stridor that is exacerbated by an irritant.
Paradoxical Vocal Fold Motion disorder (PVFM)
Progressive diseases:
This first disease can result in spastic-flaccid dysarthria characterized by paresis/weakness of the vocal folds and poor respiratory function (rough, breathy, "gurgly" voice). The second disease can result in hypokinetic dysarthria characterized by weakness and incomplete glottal closure (breathy, tremorous, monopitch, reduced loudness vocal quality)
1) ALS
2) Parkinson's disease
A condition where the lamina propria becomes filled with fluid after sustaining long term trauma, that can be caused by VF abuse and smoking.
Reinke's edema
Visible palpable muscle tension or stiffness of the neck, jaw, shoulders, and throat that lead to voice disruptions
Muscle tension dysphonia
LSVT may be helpful for treating this disease
Parkinson's
Fluid-filled sessile growths in which mucus glands are blocked. Vocal abuse can contribute to their production.
Vocal fold cysts
Irritable larynx syndrome can be differentiated from other disorders because...
It is caused by a chemical trigger
Immunologic disorders: what is it? and give 2 examples.
A class of diseases in which the body's immune system attacks healthy cells.
1) Lupus - fibrotic lesions on organs that cause joint pain and swelling
2) Sjögren's syndrome - mucus membranes are affected, causing dryness
3) Fibromyalgia - connective tissues are affected causing fatigue and pain
This results from spasms when the posterior cricoid muscle (PCA) abducts, causing the vocal folds to remain open for longer-than-usual duration:
Adductor spasmodic dysphonia
What are some treatment options for transgender voice?
(any of the following): Safe modification of fundamental frequency and pitch, determining optimal pitch, resonant voice therapy, conversation training therapy, counseling
What is the name of a cancer that starts inside the cells of the larynx and can be life-threatening?
Laryngeal carcinoma - malignant vocal fold lesions