McHenry
What is functional voice disorders?
Dysphonia/Hoarseness in the absence of current organic pathology, without obvious psychogenic or neurologic etiology
NAME THIS
It is soft/pliable, reddish, and mostly vascular/edematous. Unilateral and often mistaken for a polyp.
What is the SLP's role with reflux disease.
● The SLP, ENT physician, and patient work as a team to plan a successful reflux management regimen and a voice therapy program that can produce optimal vocal function.
● It is helpful to have access to voice-related quality of life and reflux-related scales to document pre- and post-treatment scores.
● Better outcomes (on reflux and voice PROMs) for people who received voice therapy plus reflux meds, than meds alone.
What are Contact Ulcers/Granulomas?
Benign ulcerations that develop on the medial aspect of the vocal processes of the arytenoid cartilages due to irritation.
What is the treatment for laryngeal cysts?
● Medical Management
- Because cysts rarely resolve spontaneously, they should be removed surgically using a small superficial incision along the superior edge of the vocal fold, without disrupting the glottal margin.
● Behavior Management
- Peri-operative voice therapy to optimize healing and establish efficient voice production.
What is Muscle Tension Dysphonia (MTD) and how are they categorized?
MTD: Results from excessive laryngeal and related musculoskeletal tension and associated hyperfunctional true and/or false vocal fold vibratory patterns 2 CATEGORIES
1. Primary
2. Secondary
NAME THIS
Localized, fluid-filled sac on the VF. It may be sessile or pedunculated.
Vocal Fold Polyps
What is the difference between Leukoplakia and Erythroplakia. How are they similar?
Leukoplakia ⇰ White patch
Erythroplakia ⇰ Red patch
● It can unilateral or bilateral.
● It needs to be biopsied and sent to pathology.
● It can be precancerous.
● Need to be closely monitored.
What is Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis
Wartlike growths, viral in origin, that occur in the dark, moist caverns of the airway. It is more common in children.
NAME THIS
A furrow or indentation.
Sulcus Vocalis
Which one is the absence of current organic pathology, without obvious psychogenic or neurologic etiology.
Primary MTD
What is Reinke's Edema?
Chronic diffuse swelling of the lamina propria due to presence of gelatinous material (watery to thick consistency). Associated strongly with smoking.
What is laryngeal webbing?
Occurs when abnormal tissue forms between the vocal folds.
What is Bilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis?
The result of lesions high in the trunk of the Vagus nerve or at the nuclei of origin in the medulla.
What are the basic principles of LSVT?
● Focuses on vocal loudness.
● Research shows the treatment can also help with other qualities that improve communication, including articulation and intonation and even facial expression.
● Program spans four weeks of individual clinical sessions (four times per week) plus daily homework and carryover exercises.
● Patients continue to practice at least once a day for 10–15 minutes when initial treatment is over.
What is psychogenic dysphonia?
A physical change due to severe trauma or conflict.
Laryngomalacia
Subglottic Stenosis
Esophageal Atresia/Tracheoesophageal Fistula
What are some of the common neurological conditions that affect voice?
● Vocal fold paralysis or Paresis (unilateral and bilateral)
● Laryngeal dystonia
● Laryngeal dystonia
● Essential tremor (ET)
● Parkinson’s disease (PD)
● Stroke (CVA)
● Traumatic brain injury (TBI)
NAME THIS
Refers to abnormal muscle contractions and postures. It is a hyperkinetic movement disorder.
Dystonia
What are the basic principles of SPEAK OUT?
● First step in Parkinson Voice Project’s two-part therapy approach.
● Consists of 12 individual speech therapy sessions conducted by a SLP ● Each session lasts 40-45 minutes.
● The primary goals of SPEAK OUT!® are to strengthen the muscles used for speaking and swallowing and to teach patients how to speak with intent.
● Once patients complete SPEAK OUT!, they transition to the maintenance part of Parkinson Voice Project’s program, called The LOUD Crowd.
● Maintenance program consists of speech therapy groups and a singing program to help patients maintain the strength of their voices. The LOUD Crowd® provides ongoing vocal practice, accountability, support, and encouragement
Which one is the the presence of current organic pathology, or psychogenic or neurologic etiology.
Secondary MTD
What is the difference between GERD and LPRD?
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): The passage of gastric juices from the stomach into the esophagus. It can lead to esophagitis, ulceration, dysphagia, and Barrett’s metaplasia, which is precancerous condition.
Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Disease (LPRD): Contents spill into the pharynx when it is moved superiorly and through the upper esophageal sphincter.
What is an example of a treatment for Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis (UVFP)?
1. Vocal fold medialization
2. Vocal fold re-innervation
What is Adductor Spasmodic Dysphonia and their task features?
● Makes up 70% of cases; most common form.
● Primary voice symptom is strain/strangle, and intermittent voice stoppages.
● Secondary voice symptoms are hoarseness/harshness, and tremor.
Task Specific Features
● Easier to say easy onset sentences: “How hard did he hit him.”
● Harder to say abrupt onset sentences and all voiced sentences: “We eat eggs every easter” and “We were away a year ago.”
● Easier to count from 60-69.
● Harder to count from 80-89.
● Harder to say easy onset sentences: “How hard did he hit him.”
● Easier to say abrupt onset sentences and all voiced sentences: “We eat eggs every easter” and “We were away a year ago.”
● Harder to count from 60-69.
● Easier to count from 80-89.