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A swiftly-moving, potentially deadly cloud of gas, ash, and other volcanic material produced by a violent eruption
What is a pyroclastic flow?
A long crack in Earth's surface
What is a fissure?
A large crater that can form when the summit or side of a volcano collapses into the magma chamber during or after an eruption
Bowl-shaped depression that forms around the central vent at the summit of a volcano
What is a crater?
an opening in Earth's crust through which lava erupts and flows out onto the surface
What is a vent?
A broad volcano with gently sloping sides built by nonexplosive eruptions of basaltic lava that accumulates in layers
What is a shield volcano?
Intrusive igneous rock bodies that can be exposed to earth's surface through uplist and erosion
What is a pluton?
Irregularly-shaped masses of coarse-grained igneous rocks that cover at least 100 km squared and take millions of years to form
What is a batholith?
A steep-sided, generally small volcano that is built by the accumulation of tephra around the vent
What is a cinder cone?
A lens-shaped pluton with a rounded top and a flat bottom
What is a laccolith?
Rock fragments that are thrown into the air during a volcanic eruption and fall to the ground
What is tephra?
Irregularly-shaped plutons that are similar to batholiths but smaller in size
What is a stock?
All of the processes associated with the discharge of magma, hot fluids, ash, and gases from Earth
What is volcanism?
Unusually hot spot in Earth's mantle where high-temperature plumes of mantle material rise toward the surface
What is a hot spot
Huge amounts of lava that erupt from fissures
What is a flood basalt?
A tube-like structure that allows lava to reach the surface
What is a conduit?
Generally cone-shaped volcano with concave slopes built by violent eruptions of volcanic fragments and lava that accumulate in alternating layers
What is a composite volcano?
Pluton that forms when magma intrudes parallel rock layers
What is a sill?
Pluton that cuts across preexisting rocks and often forms when magma invades cracks in surrounding rock bodies.
What is a dike?
A substance's internal resistance to flow
What is viscosity?