Earthquakes
Volcanos
Volcano and Earthquakes
More Earthquakes
More Volcanos
100
If exiting to open air is within a few seconds – do it! If not, stay under some heavy furniture.
I live on the first floor. What am I to do during an earthquake?
100
Volcanic ash is mostly made up of tiny bits of rock, so small and light that they are easily carried through the air. The most recent eruption of Eyjafjallajökull occurred beneath glacial ice (which is, not surprisingly, fairly common in Iceland). The eruption melted much of the glacier, as you’d expect, but the cold caused the lava to cool very quickly and form minuscule particles of glass which got carried into the ash plume.
What is the ash cloud made out of, anyway?
100
Volcanoes erupt because of density and pressure. The lower density of the magma relative to the surrounding rocks causes it to rise (like air bubbles in syrup). It will rise to the surface or to a depth that is determined by the density of the magma and the weight of the rocks above it.
Why do volcanos erupt?
100
An earthquake is a natural phenomenon that occurs when the Earth's plates that make up the earth's crust (the taktonian plates) move. (As they move, an area of friction is made between the two plates, and as the pressure that is exerted on the area of friction increases above the pressure between the plates, a rapid movement is caused = an earthquake. During the process, a very large amount of energy is released that is partially converted into waves that are flowing within and outside the Earth, causing it to rock.
What is an earthquake?
100
Most volcanoes are found near subduction zones and mid-ocean ridges. This explains why the map of volcanoes on Earth matches so well the map of tectonic plates.
Where can you find volcanos?
200
The protection in a shelter is maximum. Enter within, if accessible.
What is the level of protection in a shelter during an earthquake?
200
All volcanic ash plumes can clog up airplanes’ sensors and coat the plane, thus adding to its weight and altering its delicate balance. This plume is particularly dangerous because of its glass particles, which can melt in the enormous heat of the plane’s engines and damage and/or jam the machinery. Jet airplanes flying through ash clouds have been known to have all four engines cut out, and propeller aircraft aren’t likely to fair much better.
Planes can fly through regular clouds, so why can’t they fly through the ash?
200
Earthquakes are usually caused when rock underground suddenly breaks along a fault. This sudden release of energy causes the seismic waves that make the ground shake. When two blocks of rock or two plates are rubbing against each other, they stick a little.
Why do earthquakes occur?
200
The magnitude is a relative measure of the amount of energy that is released at the center of the earthquake. In the mid 30's, an American geologist, Prof. Richard Richter, developed a method to measure the magnitude. The magnitude is determined according to the amount of vibration at the point of measurement. When the magnitude has increased more than 1 unit, the amount of energy released at the center of the quake is 30 times greater. All earthquakes with a magnitude of one, always refers only to the center of the quake.
What is the magnitude, according to the Richter Scale?
200
The volcano eruption in Tambora, Indonesia, in 1815, killed around 92,000 people. The eruption sent fiery ash into the stratosphere, which cooled the world climate for more than a year. In some parts of the world, that year is called 'the year without a summer' because it was so cool.
How many people died from volcanos?
300
Yes. If it is possible, enter quickly to the place.
I have an emergency room (Mamad). Is it recommended to enter it during an earthquake?
300
Well, you’ve no doubt seen smoke rise from a chimney or grill — the visible parts of that smoke are mostly soot and ash, yet they obviously float. The reason is, essentially, the difference between weight and density: the particles are simply widely spaced enough that the air is actually denser. We can be thankful that a whole lot of the volcanic ash produced by eruptions is in fact too dense to float, and will fall to the ground after it completes the trip the eruption’s force sent it on. By “we” here I mean anyone not too near the volcano, because those who are tend to get a lot of ash on them. Some of the volcanic ash plume will fall eventually, due to random clumping creating bits denser than air, but ash plumes can literally stay in the atmosphere for years. The ash plume has an advantage over smoke, too, in that the ash is typically released at a much higher altitude.
All these particles are heavier than air, right? So why don’t they fall to the ground?
300
Volcanoes are formed when magma from within the Earth's upper mantle works its way to the surface. At the surface, it erupts to form lava flows and ash deposits. Over time as the volcano continues to erupt, it will get bigger and bigger.
When do volcanoes form?
300
Yes, there are a lot of elements on the Earth that create seismic energy (human activity, headrest explosion, winds, sea waves, etc. traveling waves on the Earth and tremors on its surface. We call these movements background noise. With this exception only, there are always very weak earthquakes that are felt only by using a seismometer. Israel deals with a number of minute quakes everyday, and whose source is along the edge of the geological faults in our region.
Does the ground always shake?
300
There are 550 volcanoes that have been active in all recorded history, and geologists have located an additional 1300 volcanoes that have erupted in the last 10,000 years. So if you add these numbers up, you get about 1500 volcanoes that have erupted in the last 10,000 years.May 20, 2009
How many volcanos are there?
400
The question is a question of access. If it is within a number of seconds to arrive to the shelter, it is ok, if not; one should stay inside the building, under the furniture. In principle, the shelter is more durable than a regular building and it is capable of protecting from pieces of a falling building.
Is it recommended to go to the emergency shelter – security room?
400
The most significant effect is typically to weather. It’s not yet clear whether the eruption of Eyjafjallajökull will affect global weather, but major eruptions in the past certainly have. In 1783, for example, a volcanic fissure in Iceland called “Laki” violently erupted. The sulfur dioxide gases carried with its plume caused increased death rates all over Europe over the next month or two, but that was nothing compared to the meteorological effects. The winter of 1784 was one of the worst on record in both Europe and North America — the Mississippi River even froze at New Orleans! Laki, along with another Icelandic eruption shortly thereafter, had severe effects on crops in France over the next several years, which may have been a contributing factor in the French Revolution of 1789. And if you think that was bad, you should know it wasn’t nearly as significant as the 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora in Indonesia, which caused the Northern Hemisphere to experience “The Year Without a Summer” in 1816. Frost was reported in Connecticut in June, famine was widespread in the U.S. and Europe, and — less importantly, but interestingly — the lousy summer caused Mary Shelley and John Polidori (and their friends) to stay indoors while on vacation, resulting in the novel Frankenstein and the short story The Vampyre.
Other than halting air travel, what other effects can ash clouds have?
400
Earthquakes occur all the time all over the world, both along plate edges and along faults. Most earthquakes occur along the edge of the oceanic and continental plates. The earth's crust (the outer layer of the planet) is made up of several pieces, called plates.
When do earthquakes mostly occur?
400
Earthquakes with a magnitude of 9.2 were recorded in the Pacific Ocean. They occurred at a long distance from populated areas and did not cause any damage.
Which earthquake is the strongest ever recorded and where did it occur?
400
There are about 1500 potentially active volcanoes worldwide, aside from the continuous belt of volcanoes on the ocean floor. About 500 of these have erupted in historical time. Many of these are located along the Pacific Rim in what is known as the 'Ring of Fire.'
How many volcanos are active today?
500
No. there is no possible way to predict which wall or other part of the building will be destroyed first during an earthquake, and so, it is recommended to hide under heavy furniture, like a dining table, doorway, etc.
Is it recommended to stay next to an outside wall, with the thought that if an earthquake occurs, I will fall outside and not between the ruins?
500
It’s hard to say. The eruption is still going as of this writing, and predicting the length of volcanic eruptions is not an exact science, to say the least. It looks like the plume isn’t going to go away any time soon, and its effects on global weather will be largely determined by just how long the eruption keeps this up.
How long is this going to last?
500
lava
What is a volcano made of?
500
On the 22nd of November 1995 an earthquake of the magnitude of 6.2, 7.1 on the Richter Scale, according to a new scale of magnitude), in the bay of Eilat, about 100 km. south of the city of Eilat. The last devastating earthquake that occurred in the region was on 11th of July 1927. The epicenter was north of the Dead Sea and the magnitude was approximately 6.2 on the Richter Scale.
What was the most powerful earthquake ever recorded in Israel?
500
The 5 percent of known volcanoes in the world that are not closely related to plate margins are generally regarded as intraplate, or “hot-spot,” volcanoes. A hot spot is believed to be related to the rising of a deep-mantle plume, which is caused by very slow convection of highly viscous material in the Earth's mantle.
What is an intraplate volcano?
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