Volcanoes
Molten earth material found underground
Magma
Molten earth material found above ground
Lava
A point or location where an earthquake occurred
Epicenter
The number describing the strength of an earthquake
Magnitude
A flash flood that originates from glaciers on a volcano
Lahar
The name of the cloud of ash and debris that is very hot and moves quickly down a volcano
Pyroclastic flow
A crack on the Earth’s surface caused by tectonic plate movement
Fault
Small earthquakes that happen BEFORE a larger one
Foreshocks
At a convergent plate boundary of an oceanic plate and a continental plate, how will the plates "behave," or move?
The oceanic plate will go under the continental plate (subduct, or subduction)
What type of plate boundary are you most likely to find massive earthquakes and volcanoes?
Convergent
How and why do earthquakes happen?
Tectonic plates are moving past each other and get stuck, building up pressure until they slip and an immense amount of energy is released
What is the name of the scientific device we use to measure earthquake strength?
Seismometer (or seismograph)
Which type of volcano is very wide because of non-viscous lava?
Shield volcanoes
At a convergent plate boundary of two continental plates, who will the plates "behave," or move?
They will smash together and create mountains.
What are the first, fastest-moving waves to be detected from an earthquake?
P-waves
What number on the Moment Magnitude Scale (MMS) would be considered a MASSIVE earthquake?
8 and above
Which type of volcano is large, and formed from viscous magma.
Composite volcanoes
Why do shield volcanoes not produce earthquakes?
Shield volcanoes are made at divergent plate boundaries, where the plates are moving away from each other. New crust is being formed by magma rising to fill the space. It's not plates trying to push together or slide past each other, getting stuck.
Describe the process of liquefaction.
When solid ground with a lot of water in it shakes a lot and acts like a liquid; particles, rocks, and structures will settle and sink into the earth like it's quicksand.
What type of wave caused by an earthquake can’t travel through liquid?
S-waves