Key Terms
Weak spot in the crust where magma has come to the surface
What is a volcano?
The three main types of stress in rock
What are shearing, tension, and compression?
Describe P waves.
What is P waves: compress and expand the ground as they travel; move through solids and liquids; are the fastest moving seismic waves?
the three types of volcanic mountains in terms of shape, type of eruption, and the materials that make up the volcano.
shield: broad with low slope, low viscosity lava flows, consists of lava flows
cinder cone: small volcano with steep sides, pyroclastic eruptions, consists of ash and cinders
composite: steep sides, lava flows and ash falls and flows, consists of layers of both ash and lava flows
a volcano’s stages of activity
What are active, dormant, and extinct?
expulsion of ash, cinders, bombs and gases during an explosive volcanic eruption
What is pyroclastic flow?
Compare the way that compression affects the crust to the way that tension affects the crust. I
What is compression squeezes rock and tension pulls on rock?
Describe the S waves of an Earthquake
What is vibrates from side to side and up and down as they travel; move only through solids?
four ways that earthquakes cause damage
What are shaking, liquefaction, aftershocks, and tsunamis?
the main parts of a volcano
What are magma chamber, neck and vent?
a major belt of volcanoes that rims the Pacific Ocean
What is the Ring of Fire?
The landform produced by tension in the crust
What is Fault-block mountains?
Describe surface waves of an earthquake
What is surface waves: move along the surface; move more slowly than P and S waves; can produce violent ground movements?
factors help geologists determine earthquake risk for a region
What are the location of tectonic plate boundaries, active faults, and the locations of past earthquakes ?
the two main kinds of volcanic eruptions
What are quiet and explosive (or pyroclastic)?
the molten mixture of rock-forming substances, gases, and water from the mantle.
What is magma?
The three landforms produced by compression in the crust
What are
Anticlines
Synclines
Folded mountains
Types of data do geologists use to locate an earthquake’s epicenter
What are seismic waves?
Ways you protect yourself during an earthquake
What are drop, cover, and hold?
Which is more likely to be dangerous -- a volcano that erupts frequently or a volcano that has been inactive for a hundred years? Why?
Either answer is correct, but you must support your answer with reasons.
active because it an cause earthquakes, fires or produce toxic gases
inactive - because you would not expect it to erupt so it could catch you unprepared
a fountain of water and steam that build up pressure underground and erupts at regular intervals
What is a geyser?
The energy from an earthquake reach Earth’s surface by
What is Seismic waves carry the energy of an earthquake away from the focus. Some of those waves reach the surface and become surface waves?
A giant wave that is sometime produced when an earthquake occurs on the Ocean Floor
What is a tsunami?
A satellite that monitors a fault detects an increasing tilt in the land surface along the fault. Scientists may think this indicates
What is an earthquake is likely to occur in that area soon?
What are the benefits and dangers of living near a volcano? Include as much detail and support as you can. This will be one of the essays on your test.
Benefits - soil rich in nutrients, geothermal energy, hot springs, new land formation
Dangers - lava causing fire, deadly ash or chemicals in the air, may trigger earthquakes