Faults
The force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume
stress
The shaking and trembling resulting from plate movement is called
earthquake
What is a molten mixture of rock-forming substances, gases, and water from the mantle?
magma
Which type of volcano is a “sleeping” volcano that poses little threat
dormant
A break in the rock of Earth's crust or mantle
fault
What type of waves do earthquakes produce?
seismic waves
Once magma hits the surface it is called
lava
Below the volcano is a __________ where magma collects
magma chamber
A normal fault is produced by which type of stress?
tension
How do geologists measure waves?
seismograph
The third source of volcanoes is
hot spots
Subduction of one oceanic plate under an adjacent oceanic plate produces a
volcanic island arc
A reverse fault is produced by which type of stress?
compression
What can geologists locate to predict future earthquakes?
epicenter
What type of volcano is made from alternating layers of lava flow and ash falls
composite (stratovolcano)
Most volcanoes at divergent boundaries occur at __________, so they are never seen
mid-ocean ridges
A strike-slip fault is produced by which type of stress?
shearing
What are two causes of tsunamis?
earthquakes and landslides
Whether a volcano is explosive or quiet depends on which two things
magma’s silica content and whether its thick or thin
A whole chain of islands may form when volcanism occurs at multiple spots along the edge of an oceanic plate. This is called
volcanic island arc