Zones of Volcanism
Volcano Types/Eruptions
Earthquakes (General)
Seismic Waves and Safety
Measuring Earthquakes
100
At what type of plate boundary do most volcanoes occur?
divergent boundaries
100
What is the smallest type of volcano?
cinder cone
100
What is the difference between stress and strain?
stress is the force of rocks, and strain is the deformation of rocks in response to stress
100
What should you do in an earthquake to stay safe?
drop, cover, hold!
100
What modern device is used to measure earthquakes?
seismometer
200
What is the name of the belt where the most volcanoes are located?
Ring of Fire-Circum-Pacific
200
What type of volcano can cause the most destruction?
composite
200
How does tension strain affect rocks?
it stretches or lengthens them
200
What are two things you should not do in an earthquake?
run, go outside if you're already inside, move more than 3m away, stand in a doorway, etc.
200
What is the name of the record (picture) of seismic waves produced during an earthquake?
seismogram
300
What is a hot spot?
an unusually hot area in the mantle away from a plate boundary where magma rises to form volcanoes
300
What is the term for a large, collapsed volcano crater?
caldera
300
What is elastic deformation?
when rocks are compressed, stressed, or bent, but return to their original shape when stress is removed
300
Which seismic wave travels the fastest?
primary wave
300
What is lag time and how do you find it?
the difference in time between the arrival of p-waves and s-waves, subtract s-p time, find times from looking at the seismogram
400
What is the term for what forms when lava flows out of fissures in the Earth's crust?
flood basalt
400
How do dissolved gases affect volcanic eruptions?
the more dissolved gases, the more explosive the eruption
400
What is plastic deformation?
when stress builds up past the elastic limit and produces a permanent deformation
400
Which seismic wave causes the most damage?
surface wave
400
What is one thing that determines the intensity of an earthquake?
amplitude of the surface waves, proximity to epicenter, depth of focus
500
What is the name of the flood basalt in India that may be linked to extinction of dinosaurs?
Deccan Traps
500
Which type of magma is the most viscous?
rhyolitic
500
What type of fault does shear produce?
strike-slip fault
500
Which seismic wave causes rocks to move at right angles to the direction of the wave?
secondary wave
500
What is the main difference between the Richter and Mercalli scales?
Richter-measures magnitude (energy) of the earthquake and Mercalli measures by how much damage occurs
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