Respiratory System
What gas do the lungs bring into the body to help make energy for muscles?
Oxygen
What organ pumps blood around the body?
The heart
What type of muscle fiber is used for quick, powerful movements like jumping?
Fast-twitch muscle fibers
What system gives the body structure and support?
The skeletal system
What system controls reaction time and movement in volleyball?
The nervous system
What tiny air sacs in the lungs are responsible for gas exchange?
Alveoli
What part of the blood carries oxygen using hemoglobin?
Red blood cells
Which muscles help players jump high and push off the ground?
Quadriceps, hamstrings, and glutes
Which joint allows a wide range of motion for spiking and serving?
The shoulder joint
What type of coordination helps players track and hit the ball accurately?
Hand–eye coordination
Why does breathing become deeper during long rallies?
To pull in more oxygen for energy production
What process causes blood vessels to widen to increase blood flow to muscles?
Vasodilation
Which muscle fibers help players maintain endurance during long rallies?
Slow-twitch muscle fibers
Which bones act as levers to help generate speed when hitting the ball?
Arm bones
How do gut bacteria help improve volleyball performance?
They help digest food and absorb nutrients for energy and recovery
How does removing carbon dioxide help prevent fatigue and muscle burn?
It stops waste buildup that causes fatigue and discomfort
Name two things the circulatory system removes from muscles during play.
Carbon dioxide and lactic acid
Why are core muscles important for digging, passing, and twisting to hit?
They stabilize the body and help maintain balance and control
How do the knee and ankle joints help protect the body during landings?
They bend to absorb impact and reduce injury risk
How does repeating volleyball skills improve performance over time?
It strengthens the brain–muscle connection, making movements faster and smoother
Why are anaerobic movements like spiking still dependent on oxygen after the play?
Oxygen is needed afterward to recover and remove waste products
How does strong cardiovascular fitness reduce fatigue over long matches?
It delivers oxygen efficiently and removes waste faster, improving endurance
Explain how fast-twitch and slow-twitch muscle fibers work together during a volleyball match.
Fast-twitch fibers provide explosive power, while slow-twitch fibers support endurance during long rallies
How do strong leg bones increase force and jumping ability in volleyball?
They provide leverage and support for powerful push-offs
Explain how genetics and the diversity of living things together affect volleyball performance.
Genetics influence traits like height, muscle type, and reaction time, while diverse living things provide nutrients, energy, and immune support needed for performance