Past Perfect Progressive
He _____ been waiting for two hours.
He had been waiting for two hours.
Name four relative pronouns used in defining relative clauses.
who, that, which, when, where
Where goes the comma? Before or after the relative pronoun?
Before.
Julia , who lives in Germany, is a good swimmer.
Name one difference between defining and non-defining relative clauses.
no comma vs. comma
noun is undefined vs. noun is known.
you can use that vs. no use of that
Greeting a friend
hey / hello / hi / (Dear)
She had been ________ TV since 8 o'clock.
She had been watching TV since 8 o'clock.
When do we use defining relative clauses?
We use them when we want to make clear what person or thing we are talking about.
We use them when a noun has already been defined and we just want to give extra information.
Defining or non-defining?
The woman who waved at me was tall.
defining
Saying goodbye to a friend
Bye / Love / Yours
Since or for?
I had been reading _______ three hours, when I fell asleep.
I had been reading for three hours, when I fell asleep.
Who or which?
The person ______ is waving at us is my dad.
The person who is waving at us is my dad.
Which relative pronoun is not used with non-defining relative clauses?
That.
Defining or non-defining?
Jenny, who is from France, is fourteen years old.
non-defining
Greeting an unknown person
Dear Sir or Madam
What do we use the past perfect progressive for?
We use it to stress how long an activity continued before another event in the past happened.
Can you leave out the relative pronoun?
The guy that we met at lunch was nice to us.
Yes.
The guy we met at lunch was nice to us.
Combine these sentences.
My aunt is from Italy. Italy looks like a boot.
My aunt is from Italy, which looks like a boot.
Defining or non-defining?
There are two Yusufs.
Yusuf who is sitting on the left is talking.
defining
Name three parts of an e-mail
Subject, Greeting, Beginning, Main part, Conclusion, Saying Goodbye
Emilio (drive) for five hours, when he (get) his next customer.
Emilio had been driving for five hours, when he got his next customer.
Which relative pronoun?
The restaurant ______ we ate yesterday is closed today.
The restaurant where we ate yesterday is closed today.
Combine these sentences.
Berlin has a population of 3.6 million. Berlin is the captial of Germany.
Berlin, which is the capital of Germay, has a population of 3.6 million.
Defining or non-defining?
New York which is also known as the Big Apple has a lot of sights to see.
non-defining
How do we link information in the main part?