Anatomy
Name the structures of Externa, Middle, and Inner Ear
Auricle (pinna), auditory canal, tympanic membrane, malleus, incus, stapes, oval window, vestibule, semicircular canals, cochlea
What is the surgical treatment for Otosclerosis?
Stapedectomy
Normal flow of Aqueous Humor through the Canal of Schlemm is blocked, leading to elevated eye pressures.
Glaucoma
Testing for Glaucoma that measures intraocular pressure
Tonometry (contact vs. non-contact)
Used to cauterize leaking blood vessels in patients with Diabetic Retinopathy
Photocoagulation
Describe rods and cones
Cones responsible for color and sharp vision. Rods responsible for night vision.
Infection/inflammation of the external ear that may have green and stale odorous discharge if caused by pseudomonas organisms
Otitis Externa
Causes loss of central vision but peripheral vision remains intact
Macular Degeneration
Assesses for conductive and sensorineural hearing loss using bone and air conduction
Rinne and Weber tests
Ultrasound waves to break up cloudy lens in patients with cataracts
Phacoemulsification
How does the eye change with aging?
Lens becomes opaque and less elastic, develops presbyopia. Pupils become smaller and more light is needed to read.
Inflammation/infection of middle ear that may require a myringotomy
Otitis Media
Patient may experience flashes of light, floating spots, and sudden loss of vision
Retinal Detachment
Combines a microscope and very bright light to better visualize the lens
Slit Lamp
Surgical procedure used to repair retinal detachment by placing a silicone piece onto the sclera.
Scleral Buckling
What are the 3 layers of tears?
Mucous, water, and oil
Actions to take during a Vertigo attack
Lie down and call for help. Keep head still and avoid movements. Pull over if driving.
Congenital, hereditary ocular tumor. Invades brain and metastasizes
Retinoblastoma
Measures visual acuity by having patient stand 20 feet away
Snellen Eye Chart
Timolol may be given for glaucoma. What nursing measure must be performed immediately after administration?
Occlude the nasolacrimal duct with a finger over the inner canthus for 30-60 seconds
What fluid is present in the Anterior Cavity of the eye, specifically the Anterior Chamber?
Aqueous Humor
Ototoxicity
Acute infection of eyelid margin or sebaceous glands. Manifests as localized abscess
Hordeolum ("stye")
Tests for errors such as myopia, astigmatism, or presbyopia
Refraction
These medications can be given to soften cerumen causing ear obstructions. Must flush ear canal after 15-20 mins following administration
Cerumenex and Debrox