7 Years War
What were the years of the Seven Years War?
1756 - 1763
Where were the French well established in North America?
They lived on Ile Saint-Jean (Prince Edward Island), Cape Breton, and Louisiana.
Who had the most powerful navy in Europe? Who had the most powerful army in Europe?
Navy - British
Army - French
What happened in the battle for Quebec?
The battle of Quebec was James Wolfe trying to take possession of St. Lawrence. It lasted 9 weeks, but Quebec remained uncaptured.
Who were the Acadians? Were they treated fairly?
Acadians were the descendants of French colonists. They developed their own identity because they were cut off from the rest of New France for so long.
What territories did France give at the end of the war?
Canada (Quebec) and Ile Royale (Cape Breton)
Where was the French Colony?
They were primarily established along the St. Lawrence river.
Who were the British allies? Who were the French allies?
British: Haudenosaunee
French: Mi'kmaq, Maliseet, Canadian Mohawks, Innu, Algonquin, Wendat, Ojibwe, Odawa, and Abenaki.
How was Quebec captured?
It was captured through the battle of Plains of Abraham. Wolfe came up with the idea to sneak up to a fort. Montcalm, who led the French fort, fought valiantly but he and Wolfe both passed away. Remaining French left to Montreal and surrendered on September 8, 1760.
What was the great deportation?
This has to do with the Acadians. Charles Lawrence, the governer, worried the Acadians would side with France in their tensions. Lawrence found Acadians in Fort Beausejour and took it as Acadian disloyalty and shipped them off to other places where lots of the Acadians died.
What was one of the main causes of the war between France and Britain?
The main cause of the war was the competition between France and Britain for colonies and trade.
For the British, where did they want to move? Why?
They wanted to move to the interior of North America and trade with Indigenous colonies, but they felt blocked out because of geography.
What were the British weaknesses? (name 3)
1. Their army was not used to forest warfare
2. Major challenge in capturing French fortresses
3. Constant bickering in 13 colonies
What were Indigenous concerns after the war?
They feared that land-hungry newcomers would come and take their territories (after having lost a lot of the land already)
Describe bilingualism
Bilingualism recognizes two official languages in Canada: French and English. It means that Canadians have the right to government services in either language. Its origin is in the Quebec Act.
What was George Washington's biggest victory when trying to take over French Forts?
His victory at the Plains of Abraham
What do Atlantic Fisheries have to do with the British perspective of colonization?
Atlantic fisheries produces tonnes of cod and other fish, of which the British wanted to control.
What were the French weaknesses? (list at least 3)
1. Dependent on France for supplies
2. They had a vast territory, which made it hard to defend
3. They had a single entry colony through the St. Lawrence river
4. Military and government could not agree on defense policy
What were some of the Canadiens' worries after the war?
They were worried that what happened to the Acadians would happen to them. They feared loss of their language and Catholic faith.
What were the British planning to do with the French? What did they use to help them with this?
They planned to have the French assimilate by having them lose their language and culture. The British used the Royal Proclamation of 1763 to attract Anglophones to Quebec.
How did the 7 Years War end?
It ended with the Treaty of Paris of 1763
1750
Where were the French's strongest fortresses?
Louisberg and Quebec
What were some of the British concerns after the war?
They were fearful of how to control a vast divers population of 70 000 people who spoke different languages and practiced different religions.
What was the Quebec Act and what year was it implemented?
The Quebec act was implemented in 1774 because the British tried to assimilate the Canadiens but they held true to their identity. In 1774, Britain passed the Quebec act which created a new colony and recognized French language rights and sovereignty.