Causes
What was the spark that directly started the War of Independence?
The introduction of the Enfield rifle cartridges rumored to be greased with cow and pig fat.
What religious reform angered conservative Hindus?
Banning satti
Who was the first soldier to refuse to use the Enfield rifle cartridge?
Mangal Pandey.
Why did the sepoys fail to get support from most princely states?
Many princes had personal interests aligned with the British and feared losing their privileges.
What happened to the Mughal Emperor after 1857?
he was exiled to Burma (rangoon)
How did economic exploitation by the British contribute to the revolt?
Heavy taxation - Permanent Settlement Act
Industrial Revolution and railways - destruction of local industries
Who were the thuggees?
Thieves along the highways
Sacrificed people for Kali Maata
Looted trade caravans
Were eliminated by the British
Where did the revolt officially begin?
Meerut but some instances had occured in Behrampur and Barrackpur
Why was there poor coordination among rebel leaders?
They lacked centralized command and had conflicting regional interests.
Which major administrative change occurred in India after 1857 revolt?
The British Crown took direct control from the East India Company.
What was the Doctrine of Lapse?
Indian rulers lost their states if they had no direct male heir
What was the Doctrine of paramountcy?
Lands annexed due to misgovernment
Name the central leader of the revolt in Delhi.
Bahadur Shah Zafar
How did communication and transport systems affect the rebels’ success?
The British used railways and telegraphs to move troops quickly; rebels couldn’t.
Who was declared the Empress of India
Queen Victoria
How did military grievances contribute to the start of the rebellion?
Indian soldiers were paid less and denied promotions compared to British soldiers.
This person brought the Western education system in India
Lord Thomas Macaulay
Which leader led the revolt in Kanpur, and what was his fate?
Nana Sahib, escaped
Something that made it difficult to stop foreign invasion
British had navy while the Indians did not
3 ways of punishing the rebels
burning alive
hanging
shot out of cannon
sewn into pigskins and hanged
Why did the Hindu soldiers feel culturally humiliated by British officers?
They were forced to serve overseas
Name of the General who assisted Rani of Jhansi?
Tantya Topee
Which female ruler became a symbol of resistance, and what city did she defend?
Rani Lakshmi Bai of Jhansi.
How many soldiers were sent by the ruler of Kashmir to help the British
2000 soldiers
How did the British reorganize the Indian Army after 1857?
More British and non-Muslims but less Muslims