Prehistory
Early human history is divided into which two ages?
paleolithic (old stone age) and neolithic (new stone age)
Which early empire is called "the first great civilization"?
Sumeria/Sumer
Which two metals are used to make bronze?
copper and tin
Why were the shields used in phalanxes so large?
They covered the soldier and the man beside him in the shield wall.
Where is Macedonia located?
north of Greece
Where was Carthage located?
North Africa
Which major event took place that allowed the development of villages and towns?
The Agricultural Revolution
Which two rivers were central to Mesopotamia?
The Tigris and Euphrates
What material did Egyptians use to make their archery equipment?
river reeds
What was the name of the sword used by Greek infantry?
the kopis
What is the name of the spear used in the Macedonian phalanx?
the sarissa
What three government branches made up the Roman Republic?
the popular assemblies, the senate, and the executive (consuls)
Which types of cereal crops were grown in prehistoric times?
wheat, rice, corn (maize)
What were the first animals used to pull war chariots?
Donkeys
What was the corselet (body armour) meant to protect charioteers from?
arrows
What is the term used to describe Greek heavy infantry soldiers?
hoplites
Which Macedonian king began to build a professional army?
Philip II
How did Rome win the first Punic War?
They built a powerful navy.
Identify the three metal ages.
copper, bronze, iron
Which state was the first to develop siege technology?
Assyria
How do historians know what Egyptian chariots looked like?
Chariots were found in tombs and painted on temple walls.
What is a cuirass?
armour consisting of chest and back plates
Why was the Macedonian phalanx so devastating to enemy sword troops?
They couldn't get close enough to engage the Macedonians OR they couldn't cut through the spear points.
Which Roman general won the Second Punic War?
Scipio
What four types of evidence are used by archaeologists to indicate prehistoric warfare?
art, bones, settlements, weapons
Which ancient town is the oldest continuously inhabited city in the world?
Jericho
How did the use of horses make Egyptian chariots effective?
They were faster, stronger, and more mobile.
Why were cavalry troops less common in Greek armies than in others?
They were not suited to the mountainous terrain.
What type of catapult replaced the tension catapult?
the torsion catapult
What was the result of the Third Punic War?
the destruction of Carthage
What modern country is the location of Jebel Sahaba (site of the earliest-known massacre)?
Sudan
What items made it possible for cavalry to be used in warfare?
The metal bit and bridle
Which invasions brought composite and recurve bows to Egypt?
the Hyksos invasions
Which land battle best demonstrated the effectiveness of Greek phalanx warfare?
the Battle of Marathon
What is the Greek name for a stone thrower?
a lithobolos
Name three territories conquered by the Triumvirate.
Greece, Macedonia, Judea, Palestine, Armenia, Gaul