Key Figures
This person was handpicked by Dr. Crile to help develop anesthetic techniques
Who is Agatha Hodgins?
This anesthetic became popular during WW1
What is Nitrous Oxide?
This belief explains why physicians did not want to practice anesthesia
What is they shunned it or thought less of it?
Because Male physicians avoided anesthesia in its early years, they trained this group of people to do it
What are nurses?
This anesthetic was revolutionized by Dr. Crile and Agatha Hodgins
What is Nitrous Oxide?
This person said “I think this movement is one of the most beneficent movements we have seen in the whole field of operative surgery.”
Dr. George Crile
Which 2 countries adopted the use of NO as the choice anesthetic?
What is France and England
The stance held by the AMA and ASA on nurse anesthetists
What is opposing them or refuted them?
Male patients were more likely to “give up control” to this group of people leading up to surgery
What are women anesthetists?
This organization was founded by Agatha Hodgins
What is the AANA?
This person is considered the first woman physician anesthetist
Dr. Mary Botsford
This country resisted the use of nurse anesthetists in both war time and peace time?
What is Britain/England?
The requirements for an anesthetist
What is be satisfied with subordinate role, make anesthesia their only interest, or accepting low pay?
This group of people refused to learn from women nurse anesthetists
What are women physicians?
Aside from nurses, the first anesthesia schools trained these 2 groups of people
What are dentists and physicians?
This person created a postgraduate program for anesthesia at St. Vincent’s Hospital, after returning from Germany
Agnes McGee
This person popularized the use of Nitrous Oxide on the battlefield
Who is Dr. Crile?
Nurses were seen as perfect for anesthesia due to this skill
What is finesse?
Women physicians decided to distance themselves from this group of people because their professional bonds were stronger
What are nurse anesthetists?
Anesthesia was tested on this group so anesthetists could “become familiar with the symptoms of death”
What are animals?
This person was the first official nurse anesthetist on the British Front
Anne Penland
Despite their hard work and success during WW1, nurse anesthetists were denied these things after their service
What is military rank, veteran status, pay or allowances equal to male counterparts.
This metaphor was used to describe anesthesia’s role in surgery
What is “anesthesia was born a slave and ever remained the faithful handmaiden of her master surgery”?
Nurse anesthesia gave women access to a new field of endeavor while simultaneously undercutting this
What is their achievements?
Despite opposition, nurse anesthetists helped define this aspect of modern medicine
What is safe anesthesia practice?