H2O
Muscle is ~___ percent water
Fat is ___ to ___percent water
Muscle is ~65 percent water
Fat is 10 to 40 percent water
Affects the movement of water or any solvent between the
cell's semipermeable membrane, not the solutes
– Water moves from a diluted concentration to a high
concentration of electrolytes
Osmosis
________ elements are essential to the nutrition of humans
inorganic elements are essential to the nutrition of humans
How many grams of trace minerals do you have in the body?
LESS than 5g
what does DEXA stand for? BONUS what does it measure??
Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry
Bone Mass Density
Water is a _____ molecule.
Water is a polar molecule.
– Neutral electrical charge
– Maintains acid–base balance
Sodium-potassium pump
Two Major groups are?
Major and Trace
Do minerals remain intact during digestion?
YES
To achieve peak bone mass
▪ Adequate intake of calcium and vitamin D
▪ Omega-3 fatty acids
▪ Body weight
▪ Weight-bearing exercise
– Adequate intake of potassium and magnesium to
promote bone health
– Vitamin K reduces risk of hip fractures.
Name One function of water in the body
Maintains body temperature
– Absorbs and releases heat generated by the body
Lubricant for
– Joints, sensitive eye tissues, mouth, and intestinal
tract
• Provides a protective cushion
– Bathes certain organs with fluid
– During pregnancy the fetus is surrounded by watery
amniotic fluid.
• Provides structure to cells
______regulate blood volume and electrolyte balance.
Kidneys regulate blood volume and electrolyte balance.
For the Major Minerals you need at least ___g in the body
5g
What is bioavailability?
Bioavailability: The degree to which a nutrient from food is
absorbed and utilized in the body
What is a lifestyle factor that can lower bone mass?
smoking
– Bone mass is significantly lower in those who smoke.
What is water balance
Water consumed = water excreted
Water needs depend on:
-
-
-
Water needs depend on:
– Physical activity
– Environmental factors
– Diet
what are the major minerals
Calcium
▪ Sodium
▪ Potassium
▪ Chloride
▪ Phosphorus
▪ Magnesium
▪ Sulfur
Mineral Fucntion in the body?
Fluid and electrolyte balance
– Blood formation
– Building healthy bones
– Maintaining a healthy immune system
– Part of enzymes as cofactors
– Participate in energy metabolism
– Structural growth
What dietary factors reduce bone mass?
Dietary factors that reduce bone mass
– Excessive intake of supplementation of vitamin A can
increase risk of hip fracture.
– High doses of vitamin C have mixed results.
Cations: Positive charge
– Anions: Negative charge
Fruits and vegetables can be ___ percent or more
water by weight
Fruits and vegetables can be 70 percent or more
water by weight
Iron
▪ Zinc
▪ Copper
▪ Selenium
▪ Chromium
▪ Iodide
▪ Manganese
▪ Molybdenum
▪ Fluoride
______ excrete excess and reabsorb minerals
Kidneys
▪ Excrete excess and reabsorb minerals
what is a cofactor?
Cofactor: Substance that binds to an enzyme to help
catalyze a reaction
– Minerals serve as cofactors in:
▪ Antioxidant systems
▪ Energy production
▪ Muscle contraction
▪ Nerve transmission