Water Beneath The Surface

Distribution and movement of water underground

100

This is the upper limit of the zone of saturation

Water table

200

This is the area above the water table where the soil, sediment, and rock are not saturated

zone of aeration

300

This is the amount of water that ends up underground in an area depends on the steepness of slopes, the nature of surface materials and the intensity of rainfalls

vegetation

400

some of the water soaks into the ground but it does not travel far. _________attraction holds it in place as surface film on soil particles.

Molecular

500

The zone of saturation is the area where water fills all the open spaces

sediment and rock

Springs

100

This is a flow of groundwater that emerges naturally at the ground surface

A spring

200

In some places, hot acidic groundwater mixes with minerals from adjacent rock to form thick, bubbling mineral springs

Minerals

300

This is an intermittent hot spring or fountain in which a column of water shoots up with great force at various intervals

A geyser

400

The source of heat for most of these hot springs

cooling igneous rocks

500

This is 6⁰C to 9⁰C warmer than the mean annual air temperature where the spring occurs

A hot spring

Caverns

100

This is a naturally formed underground chamber

A cavern

200

Thus forms most caverns at or below the water table in the zone of saturation

Erosion

300

This forms when water seeps through cracks in the cavern ceiling

stalactites

400

These are formations that develop on the floor of a cavern and reach up towards the ceiling

stalagmites

500

As water falls, each one leaves a tiny trace of calcite behind. This calcite creates a hollow limestone

soda straw

Karst Topography

100

The term karst topography comes from

KRS region of Slovenia

200

What are karst area that typically have irregular terrain, with many deprssions called

sinkholes

300

sinkholes commonly form in one of 2 ways

true

400

In these situation, downward seeping rainwater containing________dissolves limestone below the soil

carbon dioxide

500

These depressions are fairly deep and have gentle slopes

false

Wells

100

This is a hole bored in the zone of saturation

A well

200

This is any formation in which groundwater rise on its own under pressure

artesian well

300

This effect is the water table around the well drops whenever a substantial amount of water is withdrawn from a well 

A drawdown

400

This is an underground layer of water bearing permeable rock, rock fractures or unconsolidated materials

An Aquifer